Bias

A systematic error. In the context of fairness, we are concerned with unwanted bias that places privileged groups at systematic advantage and unprivileged groups at systematic disadvantage.

(mathematical) A point estimator \theta_hat is said to be an unbiased estimator fo \theta if E(\theta_hat) = \theta for every possible value of \theta. If \theta_hat is not unbiased, the difference E(\theta_hat) - \theta is called the bias of \theta

(systemic bias) systematic difference in treatment of certain objects, people or groups in comparison to others

(computational bias) An effect which deprives a statistical result of representativeness by systematically distorting it, as distinct from a random error which may distort on any one occasion but balances out on the average.