Glossary · MWE Terms · A
L1 — paginated flat list. Pick a POS, pick a letter.
TermTypeDefinitionClassificationsUpdated
Apache DancenounMWEa violent fast dance in French vaudeville (an apache is a member of the French underworld)verified
Apex of the Sun's WaynounMWEthe point on the celestial sphere toward which the sun and solar system appear to be moving relative to the fixed starsverified
Aphthous UlcernounMWEa blister on the mucous membranes of the lips or mouth or gastrointestinal tractverified
Apical PlacentationnounMWEwhere one or few ovules develop at the top of a simple or compound ovaryverified
Aplastic AnaemianounMWEanemia characterized by pancytopenia resulting from failure of the bone marrowverified
Aplastic AnemianounMWEanemia characterized by pancytopenia resulting from failure of the bone marrowverified
Apocrine GlandnounMWEa large sweat gland that produces both a fluid and an apocrine secretionverified
Aposematic ColorationnounMWEconspicuous coloration or markings of an animal serving to warn off predatorsverified
Apostolic DelegatenounMWE(Roman Catholic Church) a representative of the Holy See in a country that has no formal diplomatic relations with itverified
Apothecaries' OuncenounMWEa unit of apothecary weight equal to 480 grains or one twelfth of a poundverified
Apparatus UrogenitalisnounMWEthe system that includes all organs involved in reproduction and in the formation and voidance of urineverified
Apparent MotionnounMWEan optical illusion of motion produced by viewing a rapid succession of still pictures of a moving objectverified
Apparent MovementnounMWEan optical illusion of motion produced by viewing a rapid succession of still pictures of a moving objectverified
Appeal BoardnounMWEa board of officials that are not judicial but are appointed to hear appealsverified
Appeals BoardnounMWEa board of officials that are not judicial but are appointed to hear appealsverified
Appeals CourtnounMWEa court whose jurisdiction is to review decisions of lower courts or agenciesverified
Appellate CourtnounMWEa court whose jurisdiction is to review decisions of lower courts or agenciesverified
Appendicular ArterynounMWEthe branch of the ileocolic artery that supplies the vermiform appendixverified
Appendicular SkeletonnounMWEthe part of the skeleton that includes the pectoral girdle and the pelvic girdle and the upper and lower limbsverified
Appendicular VeinnounMWEa vein that accompanies the appendicular artery and empties into the ileocolic veinverified
Apple of DiscordnounMWE(classical mythology) a golden apple thrown into a banquet of the gods by Eris (goddess of discord--who had not been invited)verified
Apple of PerunounMWEintensely poisonous tall coarse annual tropical weed having rank-smelling foliage, large white or violet trumpet-shaped flowers and prickly fruitsverified
Apple TreenounMWEany tree of the genus Malus especially those bearing firm rounded edible fruitsverified
application controlnounMWEControls related to transactions and data within application systems. Application controls ensure the completeness and accuracy of the records and the validity of the entries made resulting from both programmed processing and manual data entry. Examples of application controls include data input validation, agreement of batch totals and encryption of data transmitted.verified
application developmentnounMWEThe process of designing and building code to create a computer program (software) used for a particular type of job.verified
application domainnounMWEA grouping or bounded environment defined by the scope of a particular software application or set of applications, within which resources, data, functions, and access controls are managed under a common operational context. It is distinguished from a physical system boundary or an organizational boundary in that the boundary is drawn around application-layer functionality rather than hardware, network perimeters, or administrative units. In security and compliance practice — as seen in access-control and separation-of-duties analysis — it is used to name one of several non-coextensive planes across which a single policy violation (such as a privilege conflict) may need to be traced, underscoring that controls cannot be assessed in isolation within one system alone. Because violations such as separation-of-duty failures can span systems and application domains, organizations must consider the entirety of their systems and system components when developing such policies. The NIST CSRC glossary reinforces the compositional reading: "domain separation" is defined as "a partitioning of the inputs to different application domains so that no input is assigned to more than one domain," trverified
Application layernounMWEIn the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) communications model, the application layer provides services for an application program to ensure that effective communication with another application program in a network is possible. Scope Note: The application layer is not the application that is doing the communication; a service layer that provides these services.verified
Application ProgramnounMWEa program that gives a computer instructions that provide the user with tools to accomplish a taskverified
Application Programming Interface (api)nounMWEa software contract between the application and client, expressed as a collection of methods or functions. . . it defines the available functions you can execute; . . . the intermediary interface between the client and the application.verified
Application systemnounMWEAn integrated set of computer programs designed to serve a well- defined function and having specific input, processing, and output activities (e.g., general ledger, manufacturing resource planning, human resource management).verified
application whitelistingnounMWEApplication whitelisting is a computer administration practice used to prevent unauthorized programs from running. The purpose is primarily to protect computers and networks from harmful applications, and, to a lesser extent, to prevent unnecessary demand for resources. The whitelist is a simple list of applications that have been granted permission by the user or an administrator. When an application tries to execute, it is automatically checked against the list and, if found, allowed to run. An integrity check measure, such as hashing, is generally added to ensure that the application is in fact the authorized program and not a malicious or otherwise inappropriate one with the same name.verified
Application-Oriented LanguagenounMWEa language whose statements resemble terminology of the userverified
Applications ProgrammenounMWEa program that gives a computer instructions that provide the user with tools to accomplish a taskverified
Applied AnatomynounMWEthe practical application of anatomical knowledge to diagnosis and treatmentverified
Applied MathnounMWEthe branches of mathematics that are involved in the study of the physical or biological or sociological worldverified
Applied MathematicsnounMWEthe branches of mathematics that are involved in the study of the physical or biological or sociological worldverified
Applied PsychologynounMWEany of several branches of psychology that seek to apply psychological principles to practical problems of education or industry or marketing etc.verified
Applied SciencenounMWEthe discipline dealing with the art or science of applying scientific knowledge to practical problemsverified
Appointment BooknounMWEa book containing a calendar and space to keep a record of appointmentsverified
Appointment CalendarnounMWEa book containing a calendar and space to keep a record of appointmentsverified
Approach PatternnounMWEthe path that is prescribed for an airplane that is preparing to land at an airportverified
Approach ShotnounMWEa relatively short golf shot intended to put the ball onto the putting greenverified
Approach TrenchnounMWEa trench that provides protected passage between the rear and front lines of a defensive positionverified
appropriate personnelnounMWEThe suitable or proper person or persons employed in an organization.verified
Appropriation BillnounMWEa legislative act proposing to authorize the expenditure of public funds for a specified purposeverified
Approval to OperatenounMWEThe official management decision issued by a DAA or PAA to authorize operation of an information system and to explicitly accept the residual risk to agency operations (including mission, functions, image, or reputation), agency assets, or individuals.verified
approved authorizationnounMWEA set of access permissions or privileges — granted to users, programs, or processes — that has been formally sanctioned through an organization's governance process (e.g., by a manager, system owner, or authorizing official) in accordance with applicable policy. What distinguishes it from authorization in general is the explicit "approved" qualifier: the rights must have passed through a defined review and approval workflow before they may be acted upon, tying individual entitlements back to a documented decision rather than informal or self-granted access. In practice, standards bodies such as NIST use the expression as the object of enforcement controls — systems must "enforce approved authorizations for logical access to information and system resources in accordance with applicable access control policies" — and equally as the basis for controlling information flows, as in controlling "the flow of CUI in accordance with approved authorizations." The expression is compositional in structure (adjective + noun), but it functions as a recurring technical phrase of art within NIST's access-control family, where authorization means "access privileges granted to a user, program, or pverified
Approved Mode of OperationnounMWEA mode of the cryptographic module that employs only Approved security functions (not to be confused with a specific mode of an Approved security function, e.g., Data Encryption Standard Cipher-Block Chaining (DES CBC) mode).verified
Approved Security FunctionnounMWEA security function (e.g., cryptographic algorithm, cryptographic key management technique, or authentication technique) that is either a) specified in an Approved Standard; b) adopted in an Approved Standard and specified either in an appendix of the Approved Standard or in a document referenced by the Approved Standard; or c) specified in the list of Approved security functions.verified
Apricot TreenounMWEAsian tree having clusters of usually white blossoms and edible fruit resembling the peachverified
Apyretic TetanusnounMWEclinical neurological syndrome characterized by muscular twitching and cramps and (when severe) seizuresverified
Aqua FortisnounMWEacid used especially in the production of fertilizers and explosives and rocket fuelsverified