Glossary · MWE Terms · I
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TermTypeDefinitionClassificationsUpdated
Inertial MassnounMWE(physics) the mass of a body as determined by the second law of motion from the acceleration of the body when it is subjected to a force that is not due to gravityverified
Inertial NavigationnounMWEa method of controlling the flight of a missile by devices that respond to inertial forcesverified
Inertial Reference FramenounMWEa coordinate system in which Newton's first law of motion is validverified
Inevitable AccidentnounMWEa natural and unavoidable catastrophe that interrupts the expected course of eventsverified
Infantile Amaurotic IdiocynounMWEa hereditary disorder of lipid metabolism occurring most frequently in individuals of Jewish descent in eastern Europeverified
Infantile AutismnounMWEa rare but serious syndrome of childhood characterized by withdrawal and lack of social responsiveness or interest in others and serious linguistic deficitsverified
Infantile ParalysisnounMWEan acute viral disease marked by inflammation of nerve cells of the brain stem and spinal cordverified
Infectious HepatitisnounMWEan acute but benign form of viral hepatitis caused by an RNA virus that does not persist in the blood serum and is usually transmitted by ingesting food or drink that is contaminated with fecal matterverified
Infectious MononucleosisnounMWEan acute disease characterized by fever and swollen lymph nodes and an abnormal increase of mononuclear leucocytes or monocytes in the bloodstreamverified
Infectious PolyneuritisnounMWEa form of peripheral polyneuritis characterized by pain and weakness and sometimes paralysis of the limbsverified
Inference AttacknounMWEInference Attacks rely on the user to make logical connections between seemingly unrelated pieces of information.verified
Inferior Alveolar ArterynounMWEthe alveolar artery that goes through the mandibular canal to supply the lower teethverified
Inferior Cerebral VeinnounMWEveins that drain the undersurface of the cerebral hemispheres and empty into the cavernous and transverse sinusesverified
Inferior ConjunctionnounMWE(astronomy) the alignment of the Earth and a planet on the same side of the sunverified
Inferior Labial ArterynounMWEan artery that is a branch of the facial artery that supplies the lower lipverified
Inferior Mesenteric ArterynounMWEarises near the lower end of the aorta and supplies the large intestineverified
Inferior Ophthalmic VeinnounMWEa vein that drains a venous network in the floor and medial wall of the eye socketverified
Inferior Pulmonary VeinnounMWEeither of two pulmonary veins (left and right) returning blood from the inferior lobes of the lungsverified
Inferior RectusnounMWEthe ocular muscle whose contraction turns the eyeball down and mediallyverified
Inferior Rectus MusclenounMWEthe ocular muscle whose contraction turns the eyeball down and mediallyverified
Inferior Thyroid VeinnounMWEany of several veins on each side that drain the thyroid gland and empty into the innominate veinverified
Inferior Vena CavanounMWEreceives blood from lower limbs and abdominal organs and empties into the posterior part of the right atrium of the heartverified
Inferior Vocal CordnounMWEeither of the two lower vocal folds that come together to form the glottisverified
Inferior Vocal FoldnounMWEeither of the two lower vocal folds that come together to form the glottisverified
Inferiority ComplexnounMWEa sense of personal inferiority arising from conflict between the desire to be noticed and the fear of being humiliatedverified
Infernal MachinenounMWEa bomb that has a detonating mechanism that can be set to go off at a particular timeverified
Infinitesimal CalculusnounMWEthe branch of mathematics that is concerned with limits and with the differentiation and integration of functionsverified
Infix NotationnounMWEa notation for forming mathematical expressions using parentheses and governed by rules of operator precedenceverified
Inflation RatenounMWEthe rate of change of prices (as indicated by a price index) calculated on a monthly or annual basisverified
Inflation TherapynounMWEtherapy in which water or oxygen or a drug is introduced into the respiratory tract with inhaled airverified
Inflationary SpiralnounMWEan episode of inflation in which prices and wages increase at an increasing rate and currency rapidly loses valueverified
Influential PersonnounMWEa person whose actions and opinions strongly influence the course of eventsverified
Informal Security PolicynounMWENatural language description, possibly supplemented by mathematical arguments, demonstrating the correspondence of the functional specification to the high-level design.verified
information accessnounMWEThis phrase is **compositional** — it is the ordinary English pairing of "access" (the ability to obtain or read) with "information" (the object being accessed), used to describe the permitted operation of reading or observing data without the ability to modify, write, or transmit it back. Access control in this field concerns "the process of granting or denying specific requests to obtain and use information and related information processing services." In the context the user quotes — "allowing information access only" enforced by hardware one-way mechanisms — the phrase simply scopes the permitted operation to read/observe, as distinguished from write or bidirectional flow; it draws its meaning from that contrast, not from any independent definition. The broader field anchors such distinctions within the concept of confidentiality, defined as "preserving authorized restrictions on information access and disclosure." No authoritative source (NIST CSRC glossary, ISO/IEC 27000 series, CNSSI 4009, AICPA, or CIS) defines "information access" as a discrete term of art with its own glossary entry separate from "access" or "access control."verified
Information AgenounMWEa period beginning in the last quarter of the 20th century when information became easily accessible through publications and through the manipulation of information by computers and computer networksverified
information and communication(s) technologynounMWEAny information technology, equipment, or interconnected system or subsystem of equipment that processes, transmits, receives, or interchanges data or information.verified
information and systemsnounMWERefers to information in electronic form (electronic information) during its use, processing, transmission, and storage and systems that use, process, transmit or transfer, and store information or that produce, manufacture, or distribute products.verified
information assetnounMWEData and the associated software and infrastructure used to process, transmit, and store information or to produce, manufacture, or distribute products.verified
information assurancenounMWEMeasures that protect and defend information and information systems by ensuring their availability, integrity, authentication, confidentiality, and non-repudiation. These measures include providing for restoration of information systems by incorporating protection, detection, and reaction capabilities.verified
Information Assurance CompliancnounMWEIn the NICE Workforce Framework, cybersecurity work where a person: Oversees, evaluates, and supports the documentation, validation, and accreditation processes necessary to assure that new IT systems meet the organization's information assurance and security requirements; ensures appropriate treatment of risk, compliance, and assurance from internal and external perspectives.verified
Information Assurance ComponentnounMWEAn application (hardware and/or software) that provides one or more Information Assurance capabilities in support of the overall security and operational objectives of a system.verified
Information Assurance ProfessionalnounMWEIndividual who works IA issues and has real-world experience plus appropriate IA training and education commensurate with their level of IA responsibility.verified
Information Assurance Vulnerability AlertnounMWENotification that is generated when an Information Assurance vulnerability may result in an immediate and potentially severe threat to DoD systems and information; this alert requires corrective action because of the severity of the vulnerability risk.verified
Information DomainnounMWEA three-part concept for information sharing, independent of, and across information systems and security domains that 1) identifies information sharing participants as individual members, 2) contains shared information objects, and 3) provides a security policy that identifies the roles and privileges of the members and the protections required for the information objects.verified
Information EnvironmentnounMWEAggregate of individuals, organizations, and/or systems that collect, process, or disseminate information, also included is the information itself.verified
Information Flow ControlnounMWEProcedure to ensure that information transfers within a system are not made in violation of the security policy.verified
information flow control policynounMWEA security or privacy policy construct that specifies the authorized paths and directions along which data may move—within a system, between systems, or across security/privacy domains—based on the characteristics of the information itself or its path rather than on who holds access rights to it. It is distinct from access control policy in that it governs *where* information may travel rather than *who* may read it, and it is typically enforced at boundary devices (firewalls, guards, proxies, data-loss-prevention tools) through rule sets keyed to data classification labels, content, or network attributes. In practice, organizations define organization-specific information flow control policies and then implement enforcement mechanisms—such as one-way data diodes, content filters, or export restrictions—to ensure transfers never violate those policies.verified
information flow enforcementnounMWEA security control category that governs whether and how data may move between subjects, objects, systems, or trust domains — distinct from access control, which concerns *who* may read or write information. Information flow enforcement regulates *where* information is allowed to travel within a system and between systems, as opposed to who is allowed to access the information, and without explicit regard to subsequent accesses to that information. Organizations employ information flow control policies and enforcement mechanisms to control flows between designated sources and destinations; flow control is based on the characteristics of the information and/or the information path, and enforcement occurs in boundary protection devices that use rule sets, packet-filtering on header information, or message-filtering based on content. Enforcement techniques include prohibiting transfers between connected systems, verifying write permissions before accepting information from another security or privacy domain, employing hardware mechanisms to enforce one-way flows, and implementing trustworthy regrading mechanisms to reassign security or privacy attributes and labels.verified
Information Input ComponentnounMWEOne of the three components of a model. This component delivers assumptions and data to the model.verified
Information ManagementnounMWEThe planning, budgeting, manipulating, and controlling of information throughout its life cycle.verified
Information MeasurenounMWEa system of measurement of information based on the probabilities of the events that convey informationverified
Information OperationsnounMWEThe integrated employment of the core capabilities of electronic warfare, computer network operations, psychological operations, military deception, and operations security, in concert with specified supporting and related capabilities, to influence, disrupt, corrupt, or usurp adversarial human and automated decision-making process, information, and information systems while protecting our own.verified
Information OwnernounMWEOfficial with statutory or operational authority for specified information and responsibility for establishing the controls for its generation, collection, processing, dissemination, and disposal. See Information Steward.verified
information pathnounMWE** A property of a data flow used as a basis for access-control decisions about where information is permitted to travel within or between systems. It is distinguished from the *content* of the information itself: information flow control regulates where information is allowed to travel within an information system and between information systems, as opposed to who is allowed to access the information. Specifically, organizations use information flow control policies and enforcement mechanisms to control the flow of information between designated sources and destinations — such as networks, individuals, and devices — within systems and between interconnected systems, with flow control based on characteristics of the information or the information path. In practice, the information path serves as one of two alternative criteria (the other being content characteristics) against which boundary protection devices such as encrypted tunnels, routers, gateways, and firewalls apply rule sets or configuration settings to restrict system services, provide packet-filtering based on header information, or provide message-filtering based on message content.
**VERDICT:** TERM_OF_ART
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Information ProcessingnounMWEthe sciences concerned with gathering, manipulating, storing, retrieving, and classifying recorded informationverified
Information Processing SystemnounMWEAny operation or set of operations performed on personal data, whether or not by automated meansverified
Information ResourcesnounMWEInformation and related resources, such as personnel, equipment, funds, and information technology. [24]verified
Information Resources ManagementnounMWEThe planning, budgeting, organizing, directing, training, controlling, and management activities associated with the burden, collection, creation, use, and dissemination of information by agencies.verified
Information ReturnnounMWEa return that provides information to the tax collector but does not compute the tax liabilityverified
Information SciencenounMWEthe sciences concerned with gathering, manipulating, storing, retrieving, and classifying recorded informationverified