Glossary · MWE Terms · P
L1 — paginated flat list. Pick a POS, pick a letter.
TermTypeDefinitionClassificationsUpdated
Principle of EquivalencenounMWE(physics) the principle that an observer has no way of distinguishing whether his laboratory is in a uniform gravitational field or is in an accelerated frame of referenceverified
Principle of least privilegenounMWEThe security objective of granting users only the access needed to perform official duties.verified
Principle of least privilege/accessnounMWEControls used to allow the least privilege access needed to complete a taskverified
Principle of Liquid DisplacementnounMWE(hydrostatics) the volume of a body immersed in a fluid is equal to the volume of the displaced fluidverified
Principle of ParsimonynounMWEthe principle that entities should not be multiplied needlesslyverified
Principle of RelativitynounMWE(physics) a universal law that states that the laws of mechanics are not affected by a uniform rectilinear motion of the system of coordinates to which they are referredverified
Principle of SuperpositionnounMWEthe displacement of any point due to the superposition of wave systems is equal to the sum of the displacements of the individual waves at that pointverified
Print SuppressionnounMWEEliminating the display of characters in order to preserve their secrecy.verified
prior tonounMWEThis limits a Control or Mandate's secondary verb to be put into play before the event takes place.verified
Priority ProcessingnounMWEAny operation or set of operations performed on personal data, whether or not by automated meansverified
Prison HousenounMWEa correctional institution where persons are confined while on trial or for punishmentverified
Prisoner of War CensorshipnounMWEmilitary censorship of communication to and from prisoners of war and civilian internees held by the armed forcesverified
Privacy breachnounMWEA data privacy breach occurs when an individual or organization breaks into systems or locations where PI was collected, created, used or stored in an unauthorized manner (without the explicit permission of the data subjects or the entity controlling or processing the data) and causes the data to be disclosed in ways that are not under the entity's policies, applicable laws or regulations.verified
privacy commitmentsnounMWEDeclarations made by management regarding the performance of a system processing personal information. Such commitments can be communicated in written agreements, standardized contracts, service-level agreements, or published statements (for example, a privacy practices statement). In addition, privacy commitments may be made on many different aspects of the service being provided.verified
Privacy Impact AssessmentnounMWEAn analysis of how information is handled: 1) to ensure handling conforms to applicable legal, regulatory, and policy requirements regarding privacy; 2) to determine the risks and effects of collecting, maintaining, and disseminating information in identifiable form in an electronic information system; and 3) to examine and evaluate protections and alternative processes for handling information to mitigate potential privacy risks.verified
privacy noticenounMWEA written communication by entities that collect personal information, to the individuals about whom personal information is collected, about the entity's ( a ) policies regarding the nature of the information that they will collect and how that information will be used, retained, disclosed, and disposed of or anonymized and ( b ) commitment to adhere to those policies. A privacy notice also includes information about such matters as the purpose of collecting the information, the choices that individuals have related to their personal information, the security of such information, and how individuals can contact the entity with inquiries, complaints, and disputes related to their personal information. When a user entity collects personal information from individuals, it typically provides a privacy notice to those individuals.verified
Privacy programnounMWEThe organization, people, policies, procedures and preventive and detective controls placed into effect that allow a legal entity to manage and protect the PI collected from data subjects according to its agreements, business needs and applicable laws and regulations.verified
Privacy SystemnounMWECommercial encryption system that affords telecommunications limited protection to deter a casual listener, but cannot withstand a technically competent cryptanalytic attack.verified
Privacy-Enhancing TechnologynounMWEA coherent system of ICT (Information and Communications Technology) measures that protects privacy by eliminating or reducing personal data or by preventing unnecessary and/or undesired processing of personal data, all without losing the functionality of the information system.verified
Private AddressingnounMWEIANA has set aside three address ranges for use by private or non-Internet connected networks. This is referred to as Private Address Space and is defined in RFC 1918. The reserved address blocks are: 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 (10/8 prefix) 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 (172.16/12 prefix) 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 (192.168/16 prefix)verified
Private branch exchange (PBX)nounMWEA telephone system within an enterprise that switches calls between enterprise users on local lines while allowing all users to share a certain number of external phone lines.verified
Private EnterprisenounMWEan economy that relies chiefly on market forces to allocate goods and resources and to determine pricesverified
Private FoundationnounMWEa charity that does not receive a major part of its support from the publicverified
Private InstructornounMWEa person who gives private instruction (as in singing, acting, etc.)verified
Private InvestigatornounMWEsomeone who can be employed as a detective to collect informationverified
private keynounMWEA cryptographic key, used with a public key cryptographic algorithm, that is uniquely associated with an entity and is not made public. In an asymmetric (public) cryptosystem, the private key is associated with a public key. Depending on the algorithm, the private key may be used, for example, to: 1) Compute the corresponding public key, 2) Compute a digital signature that may be verified by the corresponding public key, 3) Decrypt keys that were encrypted by the corresponding public key, or 4) Compute a shared secret during a key-agreement transaction.verified
Private key infrastructure (PKI)nounMWEThe use of public key cryptography in which each customer has a key pair (e.g., a unique electronic value called a public key and a mathematically-related private key). The private key is used to encrypt (sign) a message that can only be decrypted by the cor-responding public key or to decrypt a message previously encrypted with the public key. The public key is used to decrypt a message previously encrypted (signed) using an individual's private key or to encrypt a message so that it can only be decrypted (read) using the intended recipient's private key.verified
Private NuisancenounMWEa nuisance that interferes with your interest in and private use and enjoyment of your landverified
Private SchoolnounMWEa school established and controlled privately and supported by endowment and tuitionverified
Private Security ForcenounMWEa privately employed group hired to protect the security of a business or industryverified
Private TreatynounMWEa sale of property at a price agreed on by the seller and buyer without an intervening agencyverified
Privet AndromedanounMWEdeciduous much-branched shrub with dense downy panicles of small bell-shaped white flowersverified
Privilege Against Self IncriminationnounMWEthe civil right (guaranteed by the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution) to refuse to answer questions or otherwise give testimony against yourselfverified
Privilege ManagementnounMWEThe definition and management of policies and processes that define the ways in which the user is provided access rights to enterprise systems. It governs the management of the data that constitutes the user’s privileges and other attributes, including the storage, organization and access to information in directories.verified
Privilege of the FloornounMWEthe right to be admitted onto the floor of a legislative assembly while it is in sessionverified
Privileged accessnounMWEIndividuals with the ability to override system or application controls.verified
Privileged CommandnounMWEA human-initiated command executed on an information system involving the control, monitoring, or administration of the system including security functions and associated security-relevant information.verified
privileged functionnounMWEA category of system operation whose execution carries security- or integrity-relevant consequences that ordinary users are not authorized to trigger—such as disabling or altering security controls, establishing accounts, performing integrity checks, administering cryptographic key material, or circumventing detection mechanisms. NIST SP 800-53 enumerates canonical examples as "disabling, circumventing, or altering implemented security or privacy controls, establishing system accounts, performing system integrity checks, and administering cryptographic key management activities." The category typically encompasses control, monitoring, or administration of a system and its security measures. In practice, the field uses the term to anchor least-privilege and separation-of-duties controls: misuse of privileged functions—whether intentional or unintentional, by authorized insiders or external actors who have compromised accounts—is treated as a serious risk, and logging their execution is a primary mitigation.verified
Privileged ProcessnounMWEA computer process that is authorized (and, therefore, trusted) to perform security-relevant functions that ordinary processes are not authorized to perform.verified
Privileged Protected AttributenounMWEA value of a protected attribute indicating a group that has historically been at systematic advantage.verified
privileged usernounMWEA user who is authorized (and therefore, trusted) to perform security-relevant functions that ordinary users are not authorized to perform.verified
privileged utility programnounMWESpecialized system software used to perform a particular function or system maintenance that requires the ability to bypass, modify, or disable the technical or operational system security controls.verified
Prix FixeadjectiveMWE(of a restaurant meal) complete but with limited choices and at a fixed pricecandidate