Glossary · Nouns · O
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TermTypeDefinitionClassificationsUpdated
Orthoepistnouna practitioner of orthoepy (especially one of the 17th or 18th century scholars who proposed to reform English spelling so it would reflect pronunciation more closely)verified
Orthoepynouna term formerly used for the part of phonology that dealt with the `correct' pronunciation of words and its relation to `correct' orthographyverified
Orthographynouna method of representing the sounds of a language by written or printed symbolsverified
Orthomorphic ProjectionnounMWEa map projection in which a small area is rendered in its true shapeverified
Orthopaedicsnounthe branch of medical science concerned with disorders or deformities of the spine and jointsverified
Orthopaedistnouna specialist in correcting deformities of the skeletal system (especially in children)verified
Orthopedicsnounthe branch of medical science concerned with disorders or deformities of the spine and jointsverified
Orthopedistnouna specialist in correcting deformities of the skeletal system (especially in children)verified
Orthopneanounform of dyspnea in which the person can breathe comfortably only when standing or sitting erectverified
Orthopterannounany of various insects having leathery forewings and membranous hind wings and chewing mouthpartsverified
Orthopteronnounany of various insects having leathery forewings and membranous hind wings and chewing mouthpartsverified
Orthopterous InsectnounMWEany of various insects having leathery forewings and membranous hind wings and chewing mouthpartsverified
Orthopticsnountreatment of defects of binocular vision (such as strabismus and amblyopia) by nonsurgical measures (especially by exercises to strengthen the eye muscles)verified
Orthoscopenounan ophthalmoscope with a layer of water to neutralize the refraction of the corneaverified
Orthostatic HypotensionnounMWElow blood pressure occurring in some people when they stand upverified
Os CapitatumnounMWEthe wrist bone with a rounded head shape that articulates with the 3rd metacarpusverified
Os FrontalenounMWEthe large cranial bone forming the front part of the cranium: includes the upper part of the orbitsverified
Os HyoideumnounMWEa U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue musclesverified
Os LongumnounMWEin limbs of vertebrate animals: a long cylindrical bone that contains marrowverified
Os PalatinumnounMWEeither of two irregularly shaped bones that form the back of the hard palate and helps to form the nasal cavity and the floor of the orbitsverified
Os SesamoideumnounMWEany of several small round bones formed in a tendon where it passes over a jointverified
Os TemporalenounMWEa thick bone forming the side of the human cranium and encasing the inner earverified
Os TrapeziumnounMWEthe wrist bone on the thumb side of the hand that articulates with the 1st and 2nd metacarpalsverified
Os TriquetrumnounMWEa wrist bone that articulates with the pisiform and hamate and lunate bonesverified
Os ZygomaticumnounMWEthe arch of bone beneath the eye that forms the prominence of the cheekverified
Osage OrangenounMWEsmall shrubby deciduous yellowwood tree of south central United States having spines, glossy dark green leaves and an inedible fruit that resembles an orangeverified
Oscillographnouna device for making a record of the wave forms of fluctuating voltages or currentsverified
Oscilloscopenounelectronic equipment that provides visual images of varying electrical quantitiesverified
Osculating CirclenounMWEthe circle that touches a curve (on the concave side) and whose radius is the radius of curvatureverified
Osculationnoun(mathematics) a contact of two curves (or two surfaces) at which they have a common tangentverified
OSI layersnounMWEThe main idea in OSI is that the process of communication between two end points in a telecommunication network can be divided into layers, with each layer adding its own set of special, related functions. Each communicating user or program is at a computer equipped with these seven layers of function. So, in a given message between users, there will be a flow of data through each layer at one end down through the layers in that computer and, at the other end, when the message arrives, another flow of data up through the layers in the receiving computer and ultimately to the end user or program. The actual programming and hardware that furnishes these seven layers of function is usually a combination of the computer operating system, applications (such as your Web browser), TCP/IP or alternative transport and network protocols, and the software and hardware that enable you to put a signal on one of the lines attached to your computer. OSI divides telecommunication into seven layers. The layers are in two groups. The upper four layers are used whenever a message passes from or to a user. The lower three layers (up to the network layer) are used when any message passes through the host computer or router. Messages intended for this computer pass to the upper layers. Messages destined for some other host are not passed up to the upper layers but are forwarded to another host. The seven layers are: Layer 7: The application layer...This is the layer at which communication partners are identified, quality of service is identified, user authentication and privacy are considered, and any constraints on data syntax are identified. (This layer is not the application itself, although some applications may perform application layer functions.) Layer 6: The presentation layer...This is a layer, usually part of an operating system, that converts incoming and outgoing data from one presentation format to another (for example, from a text stream into a popup window with the newly arrived text). Sometimes called the syntax layer. Layer 5: The session layer...This layer sets up, coordinates, and terminates conversations, exchanges, and dialogs between the applications at each end. It deals with session and connection coordination. Layer 4: The transport layer...This layer manages the end-to-end control (for example, determining whether all packets have arrived) and error-checking. It ensures complete data transfer. Layer 3: The network layer...This layer handles the routing of the data (sending it in the right direction to the right destination on outgoing transmissions and receiving incoming transmissions at the packet level). The network layer does routing and forwarding. Layer 2: The data-link layer...This layer provides synchronization for the physical level and does bit-stuffing for strings of 1's in excess of 5. It furnishes transmission protocol knowledge and management. Layer 1: The physical layer...This layer conveys the bit stream through the network at the electrical and mechanical level. It provides the hardware means of sending and receiving data on a carrier.Framework
Osmiridiumnouna hard and corrosion resistant mineral that is a natural alloy of osmium and iridium (usually containing small amounts of rhodium and platinum)verified
Osmiumnouna hard brittle blue-grey or blue-black metallic element that is one of the platinum metalsverified
Osmosisnoun(biology, chemistry) diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration until the concentration on both sides is equalverified
Osmotic PressurenounMWE(physical chemistry) the pressure exerted by a solution necessary to prevent osmosis into that solution when it is separated from the pure solvent by a semipermeable membraneverified
Ospreynounlarge harmless hawk found worldwide that feeds on fish and builds a bulky nest often occupied for yearsverified
Osseous LabyrinthnounMWEcavity in the petrous part of the temporal bone that contains the membranous labyrinthverified
Ossificationnounthe process of becoming rigidly fixed in a conventional pattern of thought or behaviorverified
Osso BuconounMWEsliced veal knuckle or shin bone cooked with olive oil and wine and tomatoes and served with rice or vegetablesverified
Ostensive DefinitionnounMWEa definition that points out or exhibits instances of the term definedverified
Ostensoriumnoun(Roman Catholic Church) a vessel (usually of gold or silver) in which the consecrated Host is exposed for adorationverified
Ostentatiousnessnounlack of elegance as a consequence of being pompous and puffed up with vanityverified
Osteogenesis ImperfectanounMWEautosomal dominant disorder of connective tissue characterized by brittle bones that fracture easilyverified