Glossary · Nouns · P
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TermTypeDefinitionClassificationsUpdated
PrecisionnounCloseness of agreement between independent test results obtained under prescribed conditions. It is generally dependent on analyte concentration, and this dependence should be determined and documented. The measure of precision is usually expressed in terms of imprecision and computed as a standard deviation of the test results. Higher imprecision is reflected by a larger standard deviation. Independent test results means results obtained in a manner not influenced by any previous results on the same or similar material. Precision covers repeatability and reproducibility [19]. Alternatively, precision is a measure for the reproducibility of measurements within a set, that is, of the scatter or dispersion of a set about its central value. Precision depends only on the distribution of random errors and does not relate to the true value or specified value.Metric
Preclinical PhasenounMWEa laboratory test of a new drug or a new invasive medical device on animal subjectsverified
Preclinical TestnounMWEa laboratory test of a new drug or a new invasive medical device on animal subjectsverified
Preclinical TrialnounMWEa laboratory test of a new drug or a new invasive medical device on animal subjectsverified
Preclusionnounthe act of preventing something by anticipating and disposing of it effectivelyverified
Preconceptionnouna partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situationverified
Predestinationistnounanyone who submits to the belief that they are powerless to change their destinyverified
Predicamentnouna situation from which extrication is difficult especially an unpleasant or trying oneverified
Predicate CalculusnounMWEa system of symbolic logic that represents individuals and predicates and quantification over individuals (as well as the relations between propositions)verified
PredictionnounForecasting quantitative or qualitative outputs through function approximation, applied on input data or measurements.Artifact
Prediction ResistancenounMWEPrediction resistance is provided relative to time T if there is assurance that an adversary who has knowledge of the internal state of the DRBG at some time prior to T would be unable to distinguish between observations of ideal random bitstrings and bitstrings output by the DRBG at or subsequent to time T. The complementary assurance is called Backtracking Resistance.ControlRegulated
Predictive AnalysisnounMWEThe organization of analyses of structured and unstructured data for inference and correlation that provides a useful predictive capability to new circumstances or data.Capability
Predictive AnalyticsnounMWEInsights, reporting, and information answering the question, "What is likely to happen?" Predictive analytics support high confidence foretelling of future event(s).Capability
Predictornouna computer for controlling antiaircraft fire that computes the position of an aircraft at the instant of a shell's arrivalverified
Predictor VariablenounMWEa variable that can be used to predict the value of another variable (as in statistical regression)verified
Predisposing ConditionnounMWEA condition that exists within an organization, a mission/business process, enterprise architecture, or information system including its environment of operation, which contributes to (i.e., increases or decreases) the likelihood that one or more threat events, once initiated, will result in undesirable consequences or adverse impact to organizational operations and assets, individuals, other organizations, or the Nation.Vulnerability
Prednisolonenouna glucocorticoid (trade names Pediapred or Prelone) used to treat inflammatory conditionsverified
Prednisonenouna dehydrogenated analogue of cortisol (trade names Orasone or Deltasone or Liquid Pred or Meticorten)verified
Preeclampsianounabnormal state of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and fluid retention and albuminuriaverified
Preemptionnounthe judicial principle asserting the supremacy of federal over state legislation on the same subjectverified
Preemptive BidnounMWEa high bid that is intended to prevent the opposing players from biddingverified
Preemptive RightnounMWEthe right granting to shareholders the first opportunity to buy a new issue of stockverified
Prefabricationnounthe manufacture of sections of a building at the factory so they can be easily and rapidly assembled at the building siteverified
Prefecturenounthe district administered by a prefect (as in France or Japan or the Roman Empire)verified
Preferencenoungrant of favor or advantage to one over another (especially to a country or countries in matters of international trade, such as levying duties)verified
Preference SharesnounMWEstock whose holders are guaranteed priority in the payment of dividends but whose holders have no voting rightsverified
Preferred SharesnounMWEstock whose holders are guaranteed priority in the payment of dividends but whose holders have no voting rightsverified
Preferred StocknounMWEstock whose holders are guaranteed priority in the payment of dividends but whose holders have no voting rightsverified
Prefix NotationnounMWEa parenthesis-free notation for forming mathematical expressions in which each operator precedes its operandsverified
Preformationnouna theory (popular in the 18th century and now discredited) that an individual develops by simple enlargement of a tiny fully formed organism (a homunculus) that exists in the germ cellverified
Prefrontal LeucotomynounMWEsurgical interruption of nerve tracts to and from the frontal lobe of the brainverified
Prefrontal LeukotomynounMWEsurgical interruption of nerve tracts to and from the frontal lobe of the brainverified
Prefrontal LobotomynounMWEsurgical interruption of nerve tracts to and from the frontal lobe of the brainverified
Pregnanediolnouna compound found in women's urine during certain phases of the menstrual cycle and in the urine of pregnant womenverified
Pregnant ChadnounMWEa chad that has been punched or dimpled but all four corners are still attachedverified
Prehensornounthe anterior pair of legs of a centipede that are modified to seize prey and inject venom from the toxicognathsverified
Prehistoric CulturenounMWEthe time during the development of human culture before the appearance of the written wordverified
Prehistorynounthe time during the development of human culture before the appearance of the written wordverified
Preinvasive CancernounMWEa cluster of malignant cells that has not yet invaded the deeper epithelial tissue or spread to other parts of the bodyverified
Preliminary ExamnounMWEan examination taken by graduate students to determine their fitness to continueverified
preliminary examinationnounMWEAn examination taken by graduate students to determine their fitness to continue.Process
Premature EjaculationnounMWEejaculation during the early stages of sexual excitement or soon after the insertion of the penis into the vaginaverified