Glossary · Nouns · R
L1 — paginated flat list. Pick a POS, pick a letter.
TermTypeDefinitionClassificationsUpdated
Reificationnounrepresenting a human being as a physical thing deprived of personal qualities or individualityverified
Reign of TerrornounMWEany period of brutal suppression thought to resemble the Reign of Terror in Franceverified
Reimbursementnouncompensation paid to someone for damages or losses or money already spent etcverified
Reincarnationnounthe Hindu or Buddhist doctrine that a person may be reborn successively into one of five classes of living beings (god or human or animal or hungry ghost or denizen of Hell) depending on the person's own actionsverified
Reincarnationismnouna doctrine that on the death of the body the soul migrates to or is born again in another bodyverified
Reindeer LichennounMWEan erect greyish branching lichen of Arctic and even some north temperate regions constituting the chief food for reindeer and caribou and sometimes being eaten by humansverified
Reindeer MossnounMWEan erect greyish branching lichen of Arctic and even some north temperate regions constituting the chief food for reindeer and caribou and sometimes being eaten by humansverified
Reinforced ConcretenounMWEconcrete with metal and/or mesh added to provide extra support against stressesverified
Reinforcementnouna military operation (often involving new supplies of men and materiel) to strengthen a military force or aid in the performance of its missionverified
Reinforcement LearningnounMWEReinforcement learning (RL) is a subset of machine learning that allows an artificial system (sometimes referred to as an agent) in a given environment to optimize its behaviour. Agents learn from feedback signals received as a result of their actions, such as rewards or punishments, with the aim of maximizing the received reward. Such signals are computed based on a given reward function, which constitutes an abstract representation of the system's goal. The goal could be, for example, to earn a high video game score or to minimize idle worker time in a factoryCapability
Reinforcernoun(psychology) a stimulus that strengthens or weakens the behavior that produced itverified
Reinforcing StimulusnounMWE(psychology) a stimulus that strengthens or weakens the behavior that produced itverified
Rejectionnoun(medicine) an immunological response that refuses to accept substances or organisms that are recognized as foreignverified
Rejoindernoun(law) a pleading made by a defendant in response to the plaintiff's replicationverified
Relapsing FevernounMWEmarked by recurring high fever and transmitted by the bite of infected lice or ticksverified
Relationnounthe principle that an act done at a later time is deemed by law to have occurred at an earlier timeverified
Relation BacknounMWEin law, the principle that an act done at a later time is deemed by law to have occurred at an earlier timeverified
Relational AdjectivenounMWEan adjective that classifies its noun (e.g., `a nervous disease' or `a musical instrument')verified
Relational DatabasenounMWEa database in which relations between information items are explicitly specified as accessible attributesverified
Relational Database Management SystemnounMWEa database management system designed to manage a relational databaseverified
Relative Atomic MassnounMWE(chemistry) the mass of an atom of a chemical element expressed in atomic mass unitsverified
Relative FrequencynounMWEthe ratio of the number of observations in a statistical category to the total number of observationsverified
Relative HumiditynounMWEthe ratio of the amount of water in the air at a give temperature to the maximum amount it could hold at that temperatureverified
Relative MajoritynounMWE(in an election with more than 2 options) the number of votes for the candidate or party receiving the greatest number (but less that half of the votes)verified
Relative Molecular MassnounMWE(chemistry) the sum of the relative atomic masses of the constituent atoms of a moleculeverified
Relative PronounnounMWEa pronoun (as `that' or `which' or `who') that introduces a relative clause referring to some antecedentverified
Relativismnoun(philosophy) the philosophical doctrine that all criteria of judgment are relative to the individuals and situations involvedverified
Relativistic MassnounMWE(physics) the mass of a body in motion relative to the observer: it is equal to the rest mass multiplied by a factor that is greater than 1 and that increases as the magnitude of the velocity increasesverified
Relativitynounin physics, the theory that space and time are relative concepts rather than absolute conceptsverified
Relativity TheorynounMWE(physics) the theory that space and time are relative concepts rather than absolute conceptsverified
Relaxationnouna method of solving simultaneous equations by guessing a solution and then reducing the errors that result by successive approximations until all the errors are less than some specified amountverified
Relaxation BehaviornounMWE(physics) the exponential return of a system to equilibrium after a disturbanceverified
Relaxation MethodnounMWEa method of solving simultaneous equations by guessing a solution and then reducing the errors that result by successive approximations until all the errors are less than some specified amountverified
Relaxation TimenounMWEthe time constant of an exponential return of a system to equilibrium after a disturbanceverified
Release PrefixnounMWEPrefix appended to the short title of U.S.-produced keying material to indicate its foreign releasability. "A" designates material that is releasable to specific allied nations, and "U.S." designates material intended exclusively for U. S. use.ArtifactRegulatedCUI
Releasing FactornounMWEany of several hormones produced in the hypothalamus and carried by a vein to the anterior pituitary gland where they stimulate the release of anterior pituitary hormonesverified
Releasing HormonenounMWEany of several hormones produced in the hypothalamus and carried by a vein to the anterior pituitary gland where they stimulate the release of anterior pituitary hormonesverified
Reliabilitynounability of an item to perform as required, without failure, for a given time interval, under given conditions. Note 1 to definition: The time interval duration can be expressed in units appropriate to the item concerned (e.g. calendar time, operating cycles, distance run, etc.) and the units should always be clearly stated. Note 2 to definition: Given conditions include aspects that affect reliability, such as: mode of operation, stress levels, environmental conditions, and maintenance.Metric
Relictnounan organism or species surviving as a remnant of an otherwise extinct flora or fauna in an environment much changed from that in which it originatedverified
Reliefnounsculpture consisting of shapes carved on a surface so as to stand out from the surrounding backgroundverified
Relief ValvenounMWEa valve in a container in which pressure can build up (as a steam boiler)verified
Relievernounsomeone who takes the place of another (as when things get dangerous or difficult)verified
Relievonounsculpture consisting of shapes carved on a surface so as to stand out from the surrounding backgroundverified
Religious BeliefnounMWEa strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destinyverified
Religious DoctrinenounMWEthe written body of teachings of a religious group that are generally accepted by that groupverified
Religious MusicnounMWEgenre of music composed for performance as part of religious ceremoniesverified
Religious MysticnounMWEsomeone who believes in the existence of realities beyond human comprehensionverified
Religious OutcastnounMWEa person who holds religious beliefs in conflict with the dogma of the Roman Catholic Churchverified