agreement that specifies how the information flow is enforced

A contractual or formal instrument — such as an interconnection security agreement (ISA) or memorandum of understanding — that documents the specific rules, technical controls, and policy constraints governing how data is permitted to move across an organizational or security-domain boundary, and that binds both parties to those constraints. Information flow control in this context regulates *where* information can travel within and between systems, distinct from who is allowed to access it. Such an agreement becomes necessary when transferring information between organizations, particularly when connected systems span different security or privacy domains with differing policies, creating the risk that transfers could violate one or more of those policies. Enforcement is realized through boundary protection mechanisms — encrypted tunnels, routers, gateways, firewalls — using rule sets, packet-filtering on headers, or message-filtering on content. In NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 (AC-4), the agreement cross-references CA-3 (Interconnection Agreements), making clear that the "agreement" in question is an already-established instrument type, not a new concept; the phrase simply describes wha

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