approved authorization

A set of formally sanctioned access rights, privileges, or permissions — validated through an organization's defined approval process (e.g., by an account manager, security officer, or authorizing official) — that constrain what subjects (users, processes, or systems) may do with objects (data, resources, or system functions). Authorization in this sense means "access privileges granted to a user, program, or process," and the modifier *approved* distinguishes permissions that have been explicitly reviewed and sanctioned from permissions that are merely present or default. In standards such as NIST SP 800-53 AC-3, the phrase appears as the direct object of *enforce*: systems and mechanisms must give effect to these sanctioned rights governing access between active subjects and passive objects, applied both at the system level and at the application and service level. The expression also appears in information-flow contexts — e.g., controlling the flow of CUI in accordance with approved authorizations, or enforcing approved authorizations for controlling the flow of information within and between connected systems — showing that the term covers any access decision that has been form

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