Glossary · Nouns · A
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TermTypeDefinitionClassificationsUpdated
Apparent MotionnounMWEan optical illusion of motion produced by viewing a rapid succession of still pictures of a moving objectverified
Apparent MovementnounMWEan optical illusion of motion produced by viewing a rapid succession of still pictures of a moving objectverified
Appeal BoardnounMWEa board of officials that are not judicial but are appointed to hear appealsverified
Appeals BoardnounMWEa board of officials that are not judicial but are appointed to hear appealsverified
Appeals CourtnounMWEa court whose jurisdiction is to review decisions of lower courts or agenciesverified
Appellate CourtnounMWEa court whose jurisdiction is to review decisions of lower courts or agenciesverified
Appellationnounidentifying word or words by which someone or something is called and classified or distinguished from othersverified
Appendagenouna natural prolongation or projection from a part of an organism either animal or plantverified
Appendicular ArterynounMWEthe branch of the ileocolic artery that supplies the vermiform appendixverified
Appendicular SkeletonnounMWEthe part of the skeleton that includes the pectoral girdle and the pelvic girdle and the upper and lower limbsverified
Appendicular VeinnounMWEa vein that accompanies the appendicular artery and empties into the ileocolic veinverified
Appendicularianounfree-swimming tadpole-shaped pelagic tunicate resembling larvae of other tunicatesverified
Appendixnouna vestigial process that extends from the lower end of the cecum and that resembles a small pouchverified
Apperceptionnounthe process whereby perceived qualities of an object are related to past experienceverified
Appetisernounfood or drink to stimulate the appetite (usually served before a meal or as the first course)verified
Appetizernounfood or drink to stimulate the appetite (usually served before a meal or as the first course)verified
Applenounnative Eurasian tree widely cultivated in many varieties for its firm rounded edible fruitsverified
Apple of DiscordnounMWE(classical mythology) a golden apple thrown into a banquet of the gods by Eris (goddess of discord--who had not been invited)verified
Apple of PerunounMWEintensely poisonous tall coarse annual tropical weed having rank-smelling foliage, large white or violet trumpet-shaped flowers and prickly fruitsverified
Apple TreenounMWEany tree of the genus Malus especially those bearing firm rounded edible fruitsverified
AppletnounJava programs; an application program that uses the client's web browser to provide a user interface.System
applicable requirementnounMWEThe relevant or appropriate necessary condition or conditions.RequirementRegulated
ApplicantnounThe subscriber is sometimes called an “applicant” after applying to a certification authority for a certificate, but before the certificate issuance procedure is completed.Identity
applicationnounSoftware program that performs a specific function directly for a user and can be executed without access to system control, monitoring, or administrative privileges.System
application controlnounMWEControls related to transactions and data within application systems. Application controls ensure the completeness and accuracy of the records and the validity of the entries made resulting from both programmed processing and manual data entry. Examples of application controls include data input validation, agreement of batch totals and encryption of data transmitted.ControlRegulated
application developmentnounMWEThe process of designing and building code to create a computer program (software) used for a particular type of job.Process
application domainnounMWEA grouping or bounded environment defined by the scope of a particular software application or set of applications, within which resources, data, functions, and access controls are managed under a common operational context. It is distinguished from a physical system boundary or an organizational boundary in that the boundary is drawn around application-layer functionality rather than hardware, network perimeters, or administrative units. In security and compliance practice — as seen in access-control and separation-of-duties analysis — it is used to name one of several non-coextensive planes across which a single policy violation (such as a privilege conflict) may need to be traced, underscoring that controls cannot be assessed in isolation within one system alone. Because violations such as separation-of-duty failures can span systems and application domains, organizations must consider the entirety of their systems and system components when developing such policies. The NIST CSRC glossary reinforces the compositional reading: "domain separation" is defined as "a partitioning of the inputs to different application domains so that no input is assigned to more than one domain," trverified
Application layernounMWEIn the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) communications model, the application layer provides services for an application program to ensure that effective communication with another application program in a network is possible. Scope Note: The application layer is not the application that is doing the communication; a service layer that provides these services.Network
Application ProgramnounMWEa program that gives a computer instructions that provide the user with tools to accomplish a taskverified
Application Programming Interface (api)nounMWEa software contract between the application and client, expressed as a collection of methods or functions. . . it defines the available functions you can execute; . . . the intermediary interface between the client and the application.System
Application systemnounMWEAn integrated set of computer programs designed to serve a well- defined function and having specific input, processing, and output activities (e.g., general ledger, manufacturing resource planning, human resource management).System
application whitelistingnounMWEApplication whitelisting is a computer administration practice used to prevent unauthorized programs from running. The purpose is primarily to protect computers and networks from harmful applications, and, to a lesser extent, to prevent unnecessary demand for resources. The whitelist is a simple list of applications that have been granted permission by the user or an administrator. When an application tries to execute, it is automatically checked against the list and, if found, allowed to run. An integrity check measure, such as hashing, is generally added to ensure that the application is in fact the authorized program and not a malicious or otherwise inappropriate one with the same name.Control
Application-Oriented LanguagenounMWEa language whose statements resemble terminology of the userverified
Applications ProgrammenounMWEa program that gives a computer instructions that provide the user with tools to accomplish a taskverified
Applied AnatomynounMWEthe practical application of anatomical knowledge to diagnosis and treatmentverified
Applied MathnounMWEthe branches of mathematics that are involved in the study of the physical or biological or sociological worldverified
Applied MathematicsnounMWEthe branches of mathematics that are involved in the study of the physical or biological or sociological worldverified
Applied PsychologynounMWEany of several branches of psychology that seek to apply psychological principles to practical problems of education or industry or marketing etc.verified
Applied SciencenounMWEthe discipline dealing with the art or science of applying scientific knowledge to practical problemsverified
Appliernouna person who requests or seeks something such as assistance or employment or admissionverified
Appointment BooknounMWEa book containing a calendar and space to keep a record of appointmentsverified
Appointment CalendarnounMWEa book containing a calendar and space to keep a record of appointmentsverified
Appositionnoun(biology) growth in the thickness of a cell wall by the deposit of successive layers of materialverified
Appraisalnounan expert estimation of the quality, quantity, and other characteristics of someone or somethingverified
Appraisernounone who determines authenticity or who guarantees validity of goods, such as art or propertyverified