Glossary · Nouns · A
L1 — paginated flat list. Pick a POS, pick a letter.
TermTypeDefinitionClassificationsUpdated
Apprehendernouna person who seizes or arrests (especially a person who seizes or arrests in the name of justice)verified
Approach PatternnounMWEthe path that is prescribed for an airplane that is preparing to land at an airportverified
Approach ShotnounMWEa relatively short golf shot intended to put the ball onto the putting greenverified
Approach TrenchnounMWEa trench that provides protected passage between the rear and front lines of a defensive positionverified
appropriate personnelnounMWEThe suitable or proper person or persons employed in an organization.Role
Appropriationnouna deliberate act of acquisition of something, often without the permission of the ownerverified
Appropriation BillnounMWEa legislative act proposing to authorize the expenditure of public funds for a specified purposeverified
Approval to OperatenounMWEThe official management decision issued by a DAA or PAA to authorize operation of an information system and to explicitly accept the residual risk to agency operations (including mission, functions, image, or reputation), agency assets, or individuals.ArtifactRegulatedCUI
ApprovednounFederal Information Processing Standard (FIPS)-approved or National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)-recommended. An algorithm or technique that is either 1) specified in a FIPS or NIST Recommendation, or 2) adopted in a FIPS or NIST Recommendation.RequirementRegulated
approved authorizationnounMWEA set of access permissions or privileges — granted to users, programs, or processes — that has been formally sanctioned through an organization's governance process (e.g., by a manager, system owner, or authorizing official) in accordance with applicable policy. What distinguishes it from authorization in general is the explicit "approved" qualifier: the rights must have passed through a defined review and approval workflow before they may be acted upon, tying individual entitlements back to a documented decision rather than informal or self-granted access. In practice, standards bodies such as NIST use the expression as the object of enforcement controls — systems must "enforce approved authorizations for logical access to information and system resources in accordance with applicable access control policies" — and equally as the basis for controlling information flows, as in controlling "the flow of CUI in accordance with approved authorizations." The expression is compositional in structure (adjective + noun), but it functions as a recurring technical phrase of art within NIST's access-control family, where authorization means "access privileges granted to a user, program, or pControlRegulatedCUI
Approved Mode of OperationnounMWEA mode of the cryptographic module that employs only Approved security functions (not to be confused with a specific mode of an Approved security function, e.g., Data Encryption Standard Cipher-Block Chaining (DES CBC) mode).ControlRegulatedCUI
Approved Security FunctionnounMWEA security function (e.g., cryptographic algorithm, cryptographic key management technique, or authentication technique) that is either a) specified in an Approved Standard; b) adopted in an Approved Standard and specified either in an appendix of the Approved Standard or in a document referenced by the Approved Standard; or c) specified in the list of Approved security functions.CapabilityRegulated
Approximationnounthe act of bringing near or bringing together especially the cut edges of tissueverified
Appurtenancenounequipment consisting of miscellaneous articles needed for a particular operation or sport etc.verified
ApricotnounAsian tree having clusters of usually white blossoms and edible fruit resembling the peachverified
Apricot TreenounMWEAsian tree having clusters of usually white blossoms and edible fruit resembling the peachverified
Apronnounthe part of a modern theater stage between the curtain and the orchestra (i.e., in front of the curtain)verified
Apsenouna domed or vaulted recess or projection on a building especially the east end of a churchverified
Apsisnouna domed or vaulted recess or projection on a building especially the east end of a churchverified
Apyretic TetanusnounMWEclinical neurological syndrome characterized by muscular twitching and cramps and (when severe) seizuresverified
Aqua FortisnounMWEacid used especially in the production of fertilizers and explosives and rocket fuelsverified
Aquanautnounan underwater swimmer equipped with a face mask and foot fins and either a snorkel or an air cylinderverified
Aquariumnouna tank or pool or bowl filled with water for keeping live fish and underwater animalsverified
Aquatic PlantnounMWEa plant that grows partly or wholly in water whether rooted in the mud, as a lotus, or floating without anchorage, as the water hyacinthverified
Aquiculturenouna technique of growing plants (without soil) in water containing dissolved nutrientsverified
Arabesquenounposition in which the dancer has one leg raised behind and arms outstretched in a conventional poseverified
Araknounany of various strong liquors distilled from the fermented sap of toddy palms or from fermented molassesverified
Araucarianounany of several tall South American or Australian trees with large cones and edible seedsverified
Araucaria FamilynounMWEtall evergreen cone-bearing trees of South America and Australia with broad leathery leavesverified
Arbnounsomeone who engages in arbitrage (who purchases securities in one market for immediate resale in another in the hope of profiting from the price differential)verified
Arbitragernounsomeone who engages in arbitrage (who purchases securities in one market for immediate resale in another in the hope of profiting from the price differential)verified
Arbitrageurnounsomeone who engages in arbitrage (who purchases securities in one market for immediate resale in another in the hope of profiting from the price differential)verified
Arbitrarinessnounthe trait of acting unpredictably and more from whim or caprice than from reason or judgmentverified
Arbitrationnoun(law) the hearing and determination of a dispute by an impartial referee agreed to by both parties (often used to settle disputes between labor and management)verified
Arbitration ClausenounMWEa clause in a contract providing for arbitration of disputes arising under the contractverified
Arborvirusnouna large heterogeneous group of RNA viruses divisible into groups on the basis of the virionsverified