Glossary · Nouns · A
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TermTypeDefinitionClassificationsUpdated
Acceleratornoun(chemistry) a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affectedverified
Accent MarknounMWEa diacritical mark used to indicate stress or placed above a vowel to indicate a special pronunciationverified
Acceptable interruption windownounMWEThe maximum period of time that a system can be unavailable before compromising the achievement of the enterprise's business objectivesRequirementInternal
Acceptable use policynounMWEA document that establishes an agreement between users and the enterprise and defines for all parties the ranges of use that are approved before users can gain access to a network or the Internet.RequirementInternal
Acceptance CriterianounMWEPre-established standards or requirements a product or project must meet.Requirement
Acceptance SamplingnounMWEa statistical procedure for accepting or rejecting a batch of merchandise or documentsverified
Acceptornounthe person (or institution) who accepts a check or draft and becomes responsible for paying the party named in the draft when it maturesverified
Acceptor RnanounMWERNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties, each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (according to directions coded in the mRNA)verified
accessnounThe ability to physically or logically enter or make use of an IT system or area (secured or unsecured). The process of interacting with a system.Capability
access attemptnounMWEA process of interaction with a communications system by one or more users to enable initiation of user information transfer. The process begins with the granting of an access request by an access originator, and ends in either successful access or access failure.EventRegulated
access codenounMWENumeric or alphanumeric data which, when entered correctly, authorizes entry into a secure area.Credential
access controlnounMWEA system or measures that limit the retrieving, obtaining, or examining of information, or information processing resources, to persons or applications authorized by the system or data classification.Control
Access control listnounMWEAn internal computerized table of access rules regarding the levels of computer access permitted to logon IDs and computer terminals Scope Note: Also referred to as access control tablesControl
access control mechanismnounMWESecurity measures designed to detect and deny unauthorized access and permit authorized access to an information system or a physical facility.Control
Access Control programnounMWEA documented listing of procedures, schedules, roles and responsibilities, and plans or instructions to be performed to implement access control.ControlRegulatedPCI
Access Control ServicenounMWEA security service that provides protection of system resources against unauthorized access. The two basic mechanisms for implementing this service are ACLs and tickets.Control
Access ListnounMWERoster of individuals authorized admittance to a controlled area.ArtifactRestrictedPII
access lognounMWEA log that lists who has been permitted to physically or logically gain access.ArtifactRegulatedCUI
Access Management AccessnounMWEManagement is the maintenance of access information which consists of four tasks: account administration, maintenance, monitoring, and revocation.ProcessRegulated
Access MatrixnounMWEAn Access Matrix uses rows to represent subjects and columns to represent objects with privileges listed in each cell.ArtifactConfidential
Access pathnounMWEThe logical route that an end user takes to access computerized information Scope Note: Typically includes a route through the operating system, telecommunications software, selected application software and the access control systemNetwork
Access PointnounMWEA device that logically connects wireless client devices operating in infrastructure to one another and provides access to a distribution system, if connected, which is typically an organization’s enterprise wired network.Network
Access ProfilenounMWEAssociation of a user with a list of protected objects the user may access.Control
access revocation programnounMWEA documented listing of procedures, schedules, roles and responsibilities, and plans to be performed to revoke access privileges.ProcessRegulatedCDI
Access TimenounMWEin computer science, the interval between the time data is requested by the system and the time the data is provided by the driveverified
Access TypenounMWEPrivilege to perform action on an object. Read, write, execute, append, modify, delete, and create are examples of access types. See Write.Requirement
Accessory After the FactnounMWEa person who gives assistance or comfort to someone known to be a felon or known to be sought in connection with the commission of a felonyverified
Accessory Before the FactnounMWEa person who procures or advises or commands the commission of a felony but who is not present at its perpetrationverified
Accessory Cephalic VeinnounMWEa vein that passes along the radial edge of the forearm and joins the cephalic vein near the elbowverified
Accessory During the FactnounMWEa person who witnesses a crime but does not try to prevent itverified
Accessory Hemiazygos VeinnounMWEa vein formed by the union of the 4th to 7th posterior intercostal veinsverified
Accessory NervenounMWEarises from two sets of roots (cranial and spinal) that unite to form the nerveverified
Accessory Vertebral VeinnounMWEa vein that accompanies the vertebral vein but passes through the foramen of the transverse process of the 7th cervical vertebra and empties into the brachiocephalic veinverified
Accident of BirthnounMWEfact, situation, or personal characteristic, which may be desirable or undesirable, resulting from the circumstances into which a person was bornverified
Accident SurgerynounMWEthe branch of medicine that deals with the surgical repair of injuries and wounds arising from accidentsverified
Accident Waiting to HappennounMWEthing or situation which is almost certain to eventually lead to an accidentverified
Acclimatisationnounadaptation to a new climate (a new temperature or altitude or environment)verified
Acclimatizationnounadaptation to a new climate (a new temperature or altitude or environment)verified
Accommodating IolnounMWEa lens implant containing a hinge that allows for both near and far vision (thus mimicking the natural lens of a young person)verified
Accommodating Lens ImplantnounMWEa lens implant containing a hinge that allows for both near and far vision (thus mimicking the natural lens of a young person)verified
Accommodationnounin the theories of Jean Piaget: the modification of internal representations in order to accommodate a changing knowledge of realityverified
Accommodation EndorsernounMWEan entity who endorses a promissory note without compensation or insurance from the borrowerverified
Accommodation LaddernounMWE(nautical) a portable ladder hung over the side of a vessel to give access to small boats alongsideverified
Accompanimentnouna musical part (vocal or instrumental) that supports or provides background for other musical partsverified
Accomplicenouna person who joins with another in carrying out some plan, usually an unethical or illegal planverified
Accord and SatisfactionnounMWEthe settlement of a debt by paying less than the amount demanded in exchange for extinguishing the debtverified
Accordion DoornounMWEan interior door that opens by folding back in sections (rather than by swinging on hinges)verified
Account Balancing Monitoring System (ABMS)nounMWEThe Federal Reserve's computing system providing reserve account information to the Federal Reserve Banks and depository institutions on an intraday basis. ABMS serves both as an informational source and a monitoring tool. This information includes opening balances, funds and securities transfers, accounting activity, and depository institutions cap and collateral limits.SystemRegulatedCUI
Account ExecutivenounMWEsomeone in charge of a client's account for an advertising agency or brokerage or other service businessverified
Account HarvestingnounMWEAccount Harvesting is the process of collecting all the legitimate account names on a system.Threat
Account PayablenounMWEa liability account showing how much is owed for goods and services purchased on creditverified
Account RepresentativenounMWEsomeone in charge of a client's account for an advertising agency or brokerage or other service businessverified
Account-To-Account Payment (A2A)nounMWEPayment system that allows the consumer to direct transfer of funds from one account to another account at a different financial institution.ProcessRegulatedPCI
accountabilitynounThe security goal that generates the requirement for actions of an entity to be traced uniquely to that entity. This supports non-repudiation, deterrence, fault isolation, intrusion detection and prevention, and after-action recovery and legal action.Requirement