Glossary · Nouns · A
L1 — paginated flat list. Pick a POS, pick a letter.
TermTypeDefinitionClassificationsUpdated
account managementnounMWEAn access-control discipline covering the full lifecycle of digital accounts — creation, modification, privilege assignment, monitoring, and removal — for every category of account (individual, shared, group, service, emergency, guest, anonymous, temporary, and others) across an organization's systems. It uses processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user accounts, including administrator accounts and service accounts, across enterprise assets and software. It focuses on managing and controlling the creation, activation, modification, and termination of accounts in ways that enforce least privilege and reduce unauthorized-access risk. As an information-security-continuous-monitoring (ISCM) capability, it ensures that people have the privileges necessary — and only those necessary — to perform their duties.ProcessRegulated
account managernounMWEAn organizational role — a designated person or position formally assigned responsibility for the lifecycle governance of one or more access accounts. It is distinguished from a generic administrator or supervisor by its explicit, policy-mandated accountability: the account manager is the named party whom the organization must notify when accounts are no longer needed, when users are terminated or transferred, or when need-to-know changes, and who is responsible for ensuring accounts are created, modified, enabled, disabled, and removed in accordance with organizational policy. In practice, NIST SP 800-53 AC-2 requires organizations to assign account managers who manage accounts and roles, and automated account management mechanisms are expected to notify account managers when an account is created, enabled, modified, disabled, or removed, or when users are terminated or transferred. The role is not confined to system accounts: AC-2 requires the organization to manage information system accounts across their full lifecycle — defining account types, assigning account managers, establishing conditions for group and role membership, creating, enabling, modifying, disabling, and removiRoleRegulated
Account PayablenounMWEa liability account showing how much is owed for goods and services purchased on creditverified
Account RepresentativenounMWEsomeone in charge of a client's account for an advertising agency or brokerage or other service businessverified
Account-To-Account Payment (A2A)nounMWEPayment system that allows the consumer to direct transfer of funds from one account to another account at a different financial institution.ProcessRegulatedPCI
accountabilitynounThe security goal that generates the requirement for actions of an entity to be traced uniquely to that entity. This supports non-repudiation, deterrence, fault isolation, intrusion detection and prevention, and after-action recovery and legal action.Requirement
Accountancynounthe occupation of maintaining and auditing records and preparing financial reports for a businessverified
Accountingnounthe occupation of maintaining and auditing records and preparing financial reports for a businessverified
Accounting DatanounMWEall the data that support a financial statement usually from ledgers, journals, and spreadsheetsverified
Accounting FirmnounMWEa firm of accountants who provide accounting and auditing services for a feeverified
Accounting Legend CodenounMWENumeric code used to indicate the minimum accounting controls required for items of accountable communications security (COMSEC) material within the COMSEC Material Control System.RequirementRegulatedCUI
Accounting NumbernounMWENumber assigned to an item of COMSEC material to facilitate its control.ArtifactRegulatedCDI
Accounting PrinciplenounMWEa principle that governs current accounting practice and that is used as a reference to determine the appropriate treatment of complex transactionsverified
Accounting StandardnounMWEa principle that governs current accounting practice and that is used as a reference to determine the appropriate treatment of complex transactionsverified
Accounting SystemnounMWEa bookkeeper's chronological list of related debits and credits of a businessverified
Accreditationnounthe act of granting credit or recognition, especially with respect to educational institution that maintains suitable standardsverified
Accreditation PackagenounMWEProduct comprised of a System Security Plan (SSP) and a report documenting the basis for the accreditation decision.ArtifactRegulatedCUI
Accrediting AuthoritynounMWESynonymous with Designated Accrediting Authority (DAA). See also Authorizing Official.OrganizationRegulated
Accretionnoun(law) an increase in a beneficiary's share in an estate (as when a co-beneficiary dies or fails to meet some condition or rejects the inheritance)verified
Accrual BasisnounMWEa method of accounting in which each item is entered as it is earned or incurred regardless of when actual payments are received or madeverified
Accumulationnoun(finance) profits that are not paid out as dividends but are added to the capital base of the corporationverified
Accumulatornoun(computer science) a register that has a built-in adder that adds an input number to the contents of the registerverified
Accumulator RegisternounMWE(computer science) a register that has a built-in adder that adds an input number to the contents of the registerverified
Acedianounapathy and inactivity in the practice of virtue (personified as one of the deadly sins)verified
Acerolanounacid red or yellow cherry-like fruit of a tropical American shrub very rich in vitamin Cverified
Acervulusnounsmall asexual fruiting body resembling a cushion or blister consisting of a mat of hyphae that is produced on a host by some fungiverified
Acetabulumnounthe cup-shaped hollow in the hipbone into which the head of the femur fits to form a ball-and-socket jointverified
Acetaldehydenouna colorless volatile water-soluble liquid aldehyde used chiefly in the manufacture of acetic acid and perfumes and drugsverified
Acetamidenouna colorless solid amide of acetic acid used as a solvent and in the synthesis of organic compoundsverified
Acetic AcidnounMWEa colorless pungent liquid widely used in manufacturing plastics and pharmaceuticalsverified
Acetinnounany of three liquid acetates that are formed when acetic acid and glycerin are heated togetherverified
Acetone BodynounMWEa ketone that is an intermediate product of the breakdown of fats in the bodyverified
Acetonurianounexcessive amounts of ketone bodies in the urine as in diabetes mellitus or starvationverified
Acetophenetidinnouna white crystalline compound used as an analgesic and also as an antipyreticverified
Acetphenetidinnouna white crystalline compound used as an analgesic and also as an antipyreticverified
Acetumnounsour-tasting liquid produced usually by oxidation of the alcohol in wine or cider and used as a condiment or food preservativeverified
Achilleanounany of several plants of the genus Achillea native to Europe and having small white flowers in flat-topped flower headsverified
Achimenesnounany plant of the genus Achimenes having showy bell-shaped flowers that resemble gloxiniasverified
Achiranouncanna grown especially for its edible rootstock from which arrowroot starch is obtainedverified
Achlorhydrianounan abnormal deficiency or absence of free hydrochloric acid in the gastric juiceverified
Acholianouna condition in which little or no bile is secreted or the flow of bile into the digestive tract is obstructedverified
Achromasianoununnatural lack of color in the skin (as from bruising or sickness or emotional distress)verified