Glossary · Nouns · A
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TermTypeDefinitionClassificationsUpdated
authorizationnounAccess privileges granted to a user, program, or process or the act of granting those privileges.Control
Authorization (ACH)nounMWEA written or oral agreement between the originator and a receiver that allows payments processed through the ACH network to be deposited in, or withdrawn from, the receiver's account at a financial institution.RequirementRegulatedPCI
Authorization BoundarynounMWEAll components of an information system to be authorized for operation by an authorizing official and excludes separately authorized systems, to which the information system is connected.RequirementRegulated
authorization recordnounMWEA document or identifier which provides evidence of authorization.ArtifactRegulatedCUI
Authorization to operatenounMWEThe official management decision given by a senior organizational official to authorize operation of an information system and to explicitly accept the risk to organizational operations (including mission, functions, image, or reputation), organizational assets, individuals, other organizations, and the Nation based on the implementation of an agreed-upon set of security controls.ArtifactRegulatedCUI
authorized accessnounMWEAccess to system components that (a) has been approved by a person designated to do so by management and (b) does not compromise segregation of duties, confidentiality commitments, or otherwise increase risk to the system beyond the levels approved by management (that is, access is appropriate).ControlRegulated
authorized devicenounMWEA computer device that the organization has authorized to be used and connected to the system.Physical
authorized personnounMWEThis role is focused on a person who has been given permission to do something by an authority. Any individual who has been granted permission to do something on behalf of their organization should be assigned to this role.Role
authorized personnelnounMWEThis role is focused on employees who are granted access to the organizations assets, information, and/or certain areas, or permitted to conduct certain work. Any individual who is sanctioned by management should be assigned to this role.Role
Authorized SharesnounMWEthe maximum number of shares authorized under the terms of a corporation's articles of incorporationverified
Authorized StocknounMWEthe maximum number of shares authorized under the terms of a corporation's articles of incorporationverified
authorized usernounMWEA person who has the authority or permission to manage access or make changes to an account.Identity
Authorized VendornounMWEManufacturer of information assurance equipment authorized to produce quantities in excess of contractual requirements for direct sale to eligible buyers. Eligible buyers are typically U.S. government organizations or U.S. government contractors.OrganizationRegulated
Authorized Vendor ProgramnounMWEProgram in which a vendor, producing an information systems security (INFOSEC) product under contract to NSA, is authorized to produce that product in numbers exceeding the contracted requirements for direct marketing and sale to eligible buyers. Eligible buyers are typically U.S. government organizations or U.S. government contractors. Products approved for marketing and sale through the AVP are placed on the Endorsed Cryptographic Products List (ECPL).ProcessRegulated
Authorizing OfficialnounMWEA senior (federal) official or executive with the authority to formally assume responsibility for operating an information system at an acceptable level of risk to organizational operations (including mission, functions, image, or reputation), organizational assets, individuals, other organizations, and the Nation.Role
Authorizing Official Designated RepresentativenounMWEAn organizational official acting on behalf of an authorizing official in carrying out and coordinating the required activities associated with security authorization.RoleRegulated
Auto LimitationnounMWEsocial control achieved as a manifestation of self-will or general consentverified
Auto-Changernounan automatic mechanical device on a record player that causes new records to be played without manual interventionverified
Autochthonynounnativeness by virtue of originating or occurring naturally (as in a particular place)verified
Autocoidnounany physiologically active internal secretion especially one of uncertain classificationverified
Autogenesisnouna hypothetical organic phenomenon by which living organisms are created from nonliving matterverified
Autogenynouna hypothetical organic phenomenon by which living organisms are created from nonliving matterverified
Autogironounan aircraft that is supported in flight by unpowered rotating horizontal wings (or blades)verified
Autograftnountissue that is taken from one site and grafted to another site on the same personverified
Autogyronounan aircraft that is supported in flight by unpowered rotating horizontal wings (or blades)verified
Autoimmune DiseasenounMWEany of a large group of diseases characterized by abnormal functioning of the immune system that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against your own tissuesverified
Autoimmune DisordernounMWEany of a large group of diseases characterized by abnormal functioning of the immune system that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against your own tissuesverified
Automated Clearing House (ACH)nounMWEAn electronic clearing system in which a data processing center handles payment orders that are exchanged among financial institutions, primarily via telecommunications networks. ACH systems process large volumes of individual payments electronically. Typical ACH payments include salaries, consumer and corporate bill payments, interest and dividend payments, and Social Security payments.SystemRegulatedPCI
Automated Clearing House (ACH) OperatornounMWEA central clearing facility that depository financial institutions use to transmit and receive ACH entries. ACH operators are typically a Federal Reserve Bank or a private-sector organization that operates on behalf of a depository financial institution.Role
automated clearing house activitynounMWEAny transaction made through the Automated Clearing House network.EventRegulatedPCI
automated clearing house capturenounMWEA service that allows a user to transmit automated clearing house data to a bank for posting and clearing.CapabilityRegulatedPCI
Automated ControlsnounMWESoftware routines designed into programs to ensure the validity, accuracy, completeness, and availability of input, processed, and stored data.ControlRegulated
Automated Key TransportnounMWEThe transport of cryptographic keys, usually in encrypted form, using electronic means such as a computer network (e.g., key transport/agreement protocols).ProcessRegulated
Automated Password GeneratornounMWEAn algorithm which creates random passwords that have no association with a particular user.Credential
Automated Security MonitoringnounMWEUse of automated procedures to ensure security controls are not circumvented or the use of these tools to track actions taken by subjects suspected of misusing the information system.Capability
Automated TellernounMWEan unattended machine that dispenses money when a personal coded card is usedverified
Automated Teller MachinenounMWEan unattended machine that dispenses money when a personal coded card is usedverified
Automated Teller Machine (ATM)nounMWEAn electronic funds transfer (EFT) terminal that allows customers using a PIN-based debit (ATM) card to initiate transactions (e.g., deposits, withdrawals, account balance inquiries).PhysicalRegulatedPCI
Automatic Data ProcessingnounMWEAny operation or set of operations performed on personal data, whether or not by automated meansverified
Automatic Data Processing SystemnounMWEAny operation or set of operations performed on personal data, whether or not by automated meansverified
Automatic DrivenounMWEa transmission that automatically changes the gears according to the speed of the carverified
Automatic Face RecognitionnounMWEbiometric identification by scanning a person's face and matching it against a library of known facesverified
Automatic FirearmnounMWEa firearm that reloads itself and keeps firing until the trigger is releasedverified
Automatic GunnounMWEa firearm that reloads itself and keeps firing until the trigger is releasedverified
Automatic PilotnounMWEa navigational device that automatically keeps ships or planes or spacecraft on a steady courseverified
Automatic PistolnounMWEa pistol that will keep firing until the ammunition is gone or the trigger is releasedverified
Automatic Remote RekeyingnounMWEProcedure to rekey a distant crypto-equipment electronically without specific actions by the receiving terminal operator. See Manual Remote Rekeying.ProcessRegulatedCUI
Automatic TellernounMWEan unattended machine (outside some banks) that dispenses money when a personal coded card is usedverified
Automatic Teller MachinenounMWEan unattended machine (outside some banks) that dispenses money when a personal coded card is usedverified
Automatic TransmissionnounMWEa transmission that automatically changes the gears according to the speed of the carverified
Automatic WeaponnounMWEa firearm that reloads itself and keeps firing until the trigger is releasedverified
AutomationnounThe system functions with no/little human operator involvement; however, the system performance is limited to the specific actions it has been designed to do. Typically these are well-defined tasks that have predetermined responses (i.e., simple rule-based responses).Capability
Automatismnounany reaction that occurs automatically without conscious thought or reflection (especially the undirected behavior seen in psychomotor epilepsy)verified