Glossary · Nouns · A
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TermTypeDefinitionClassificationsUpdated
Automatic Data ProcessingnounMWEAny operation or set of operations performed on personal data, whether or not by automated meansProcessRegulatedPII
Automatic Data Processing SystemnounMWEAny operation or set of operations performed on personal data, whether or not by automated meansSystemRegulatedPII
Automatic DrivenounMWEa transmission that automatically changes the gears according to the speed of the carverified
automatic enforcementnounMWEA security or compliance capability — typically implemented in software, a policy engine, or a control framework — that applies defined rules, restrictions, or policies to system behavior without requiring human intervention at the moment of enforcement. What distinguishes it from manual or compensating controls is that the enforcement action (blocking a transaction, revoking access, remediating a misconfiguration, applying a configuration change) fires immediately and programmatically upon detection of a condition that violates policy. The automation of security enforcement systems is recognized as one of the most important techniques for enabling a fast response to security challenges, and the concept integrates the enforcement of security rules — including via intrusion detection systems — with policy definitions that translate into specific, installable controls. In practice, the field uses the expression across access control, configuration management, network security, and compliance domains: when a violation is detected, an enforcement engine retrieves the associated remediation and automatically deploys it to resolve the violation — applying solutions without manual interveCapability
Automatic Face RecognitionnounMWEbiometric identification by scanning a person's face and matching it against a library of known facesverified
Automatic FirearmnounMWEa firearm that reloads itself and keeps firing until the trigger is releasedverified
Automatic GunnounMWEa firearm that reloads itself and keeps firing until the trigger is releasedverified
Automatic PilotnounMWEa navigational device that automatically keeps ships or planes or spacecraft on a steady courseverified
Automatic PistolnounMWEa pistol that will keep firing until the ammunition is gone or the trigger is releasedverified
Automatic Remote RekeyingnounMWEProcedure to rekey a distant crypto-equipment electronically without specific actions by the receiving terminal operator. See Manual Remote Rekeying.ProcessRegulatedCUI
Automatic TellernounMWEan unattended machine (outside some banks) that dispenses money when a personal coded card is usedverified
Automatic Teller MachinenounMWEan unattended machine (outside some banks) that dispenses money when a personal coded card is usedverified
Automatic TransmissionnounMWEa transmission that automatically changes the gears according to the speed of the carverified
Automatic WeaponnounMWEa firearm that reloads itself and keeps firing until the trigger is releasedverified
AutomationnounThe system functions with no/little human operator involvement; however, the system performance is limited to the specific actions it has been designed to do. Typically these are well-defined tasks that have predetermined responses (i.e., simple rule-based responses).Capability
Automatismnounany reaction that occurs automatically without conscious thought or reflection (especially the undirected behavior seen in psychomotor epilepsy)verified
Automobile TirenounMWEa tire consisting of a rubber ring around the rim of an automobile wheelverified
Automobile TrunknounMWEcompartment in an automobile that carries luggage or shopping or toolsverified
Automotive EngineernounMWEan engineer concerned with the design and construction of automobilesverified
AutonomicnounA monitor-analyze-plan-execute (MAPE) computer system capable of sensing environments, interpreting policy, accessing knowledge (data --- information --- knowledge), making decisions, and initiating dynamically assembled routines of choreographed activity to both complete a process and update the set of environmental variables that enables the autonomic system to self-manage its own operation and the processes it oversees. An autonomic system is identified by eight characteristics: a) Knows the resources to which it has access, what its capabilities and limitations are, and how and why it is connected to other systems. b) Is able to configure and reconfigure itself depending on the changing computing environment. c) Is able to optimize its performance to ensure the most efficient computing process. d) Is able to work around encountered problems either by repairing itself or routing functions away from the trouble. e) Is able to detect, identify, and protect itself against various types of attacks to maintain overall system security and integrity. f) Is able to adapt to its environment as it changes by interacting with neighboring systems and establishing communication protocols. g) Relies on open standards and requires access to proprietary environments to achieve full performance. h) Is able to anticipate the demand on its resources transparently to users.System
Autonomic GanglionnounMWEany of the ganglia of the autonomic system whose unmyelinated fibers innervate the internal organsverified
Autonomic Nervous SystemnounMWEthe part of the nervous system of vertebrates that controls involuntary actions of the smooth muscles and heart and glandsverified
Autonomous SystemnounMWEOne or more routers under a single administration operating the same routing policy.Network
Autonomous VehiclenounMWE[an] automobile, bus, tractor, combine, boat, forklift, etc. . . . capable of sensing its environment and moving safely with little or no human input.Physical
AutonomynounA system’s level of independence from human involvement and ability to operate without human intervention. [Different AI systems have different levels of autonomy.] An autonomous system has a set of learning, adaptive and analytical capabilities to respond to situations that were not pre-programmed or anticipated (i.e., decision-based responses) prior to system deployment. Autonomous or semi-autonomous AI systems can be characterised as "human-in-the-loop", "human-on-the-loop", or "human-out-of-the loop" systems depending on their level of meaningful involvement of human beings.Capability
Autophytic PlantnounMWEplant capable of synthesizing its own food from simple organic substancesverified
Autopilotnouna navigational device that automatically keeps ships or planes or spacecraft on a steady courseverified
Autoplastynountissue that is taken from one site and grafted to another site on the same personverified
Autoradiographnouna radiogram produced by radiation emitted by the specimen being photographedverified
Autoradiographynounproducing a radiograph by means of the radiation emitted from the specimen being photographedverified
Autoregulationnounprocesses that maintain a generally constant physiological state in a cell or organismverified
Autosexingnoun(especially of domestic fowl) breeding to reveal differential sex characteristics at hatchingverified
Autosomal Recessive DefectnounMWEa disease caused by the presence of two recessive mutant genes on an autosomeverified
Autosomal Recessive DiseasenounMWEa disease caused by the presence of two recessive mutant genes on an autosomeverified
Autosuggestionnouna system for self-improvement developed by Emile Coue which was popular in the 1920s and 1930sverified
Autotomynounspontaneous removal or casting off of a body part (as the tail of a lizard or claw of a lobster) especially when the organism is injured or under attackverified
Autotrophic OrganismnounMWEplant capable of synthesizing its own food from simple organic substancesverified
Autumn CrocusnounMWEbulbous autumn-flowering herb with white, purple or lavender-and-white flowersverified
Autumn PumpkinnounMWEa coarse vine widely cultivated for its large pulpy round orange fruit with firm orange skin and numerous seedsverified
Autumnal EquinoxnounMWE(astronomy) the equinoctial point that lies in the constellation of Virgoverified
Auxiliary BoilernounMWE(nautical) an extra boiler (as a ship's boiler that is used while the ship is in port)verified
Auxiliary EnginenounMWE(nautical) a small engine (as one used on board ships to operate a windlass)verified
Auxiliary EquipmentnounMWEelectronic equipment not in direct communication (or under the control of) the central processing unitverified
Auxiliary OperationnounMWEa operation performed by off-line equipment not under the control of the central processing unitverified
Auxiliary VerbnounMWEa verb that combines with another verb in a verb phrase to help form tense, mood, voice, or condition of the verb it combines withverified
availability requirementnounMWEAvailability requirement relates to the need for information to be available when required.RequirementRegulated
Avatarnounthe manifestation of a Hindu deity (especially Vishnu) in human or superhuman or animal formverified
Avensnounany of various perennials of the genus Geum having usually pinnate basal leaves and variously colored flowersverified
Average CostnounMWEtotal cost for all units bought (or produced) divided by the number of unitsverified