Glossary · Nouns · A
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TermTypeDefinitionClassificationsUpdated
Address Resolution ProtocolnounMWEAddress Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a protocol for mapping an Internet Protocol address to a physical machine address that is recognized in the local network. A table, usually called the ARP cache, is used to maintain a correlation between each MAC address and its corresponding IP address. ARP provides the protocol rules for making this correlation and providing address conversion in both directions.Network
Address Verification Service (AVS)nounMWEBankcard company service that verifies the customer-provided billing address matches the billing address on their credit card account. The bankcard companies will not support merchants that opt for not using AVS if those transactions are disputed and will charge the merchant an additional 1.25% on those sales.CapabilityRegulatedPCI
Addressing MachinenounMWEa printer that automatically prints addresses on letters for mailingverified
Adenomatous PolypnounMWEa polyp that consists of benign neoplastic tissue derived from glandular epitheliumverified
Adenomyosarcomanounmalignant renal tumor of young children characterized by hypertension and blood in the urine and the presence of a palpable massverified
Adenopathynouna glandular disease or enlargement of glandular tissue (especially of the lymph glands)verified
Adenosine DeaminasenounMWEan enzyme found in mammals that can catalyze the deamination of adenosine into inosine and ammoniaverified
Adenosine DiphosphatenounMWEan ester of adenosine that is converted to ATP for energy storageverified
Adenosine MonophosphatenounMWEa nucleotide found in muscle cells and important in metabolismverified
Adenosine TriphosphatenounMWEa nucleotide derived from adenosine that occurs in muscle tissueverified
Adenovirusnounany of a group of viruses including those that in humans cause upper respiratory infections or infectious pinkeyeverified
Adequate SecuritynounMWESecurity commensurate with the risk and magnitude of harm resulting from the loss, misuse, or unauthorized access to or modification of information. Note: This includes assuring that information systems operate effectively and provide appropriate confidentiality, integrity, and availability, through the use of cost-effective management, personnel, operational, and technical controls.RequirementRegulated
Adequatenessnounthe quality of being able to meet a need satisfactorily: 'he questioned the adequacy of the usual sentimental interpretation of the Golden Rule'verified
Ader WaxnounMWEa waxy mineral that is a mixture of hydrocarbons and occurs in association with petroleumverified
Adherencenounthe property of sticking together (as of glue and wood) or the joining of surfaces of different compositionverified
Adhesionnounthe property of sticking together (as of glue and wood) or the joining of surfaces of different compositionverified
Adhesion ContractnounMWEa contract that heavily restricts one party while leaving the other free (as some standard form printed contracts)verified
Adhesive BandagenounMWEbandage consisting of a medical dressing of plain absorbent gauze held in place by a plastic or fabric tape coated with adhesiveverified
Adhesive FrictionnounMWEthe friction between a body and the surface on which it moves (as between an automobile tire and the road)verified
Adhesivenessnounthe property of sticking together (as of glue and wood) or the joining of surfaces of different compositionverified
Adiabatic ProcessnounMWE(thermodynamics) any process that occurs without gain or loss of heatverified
Adipose TissuenounMWEa kind of body tissue containing stored fat that serves as a source of energyverified
Adjusternounone who investigates insurance claims or claims for damages and recommends an effective settlementverified
Adjusting EntrynounMWEan accounting entry made at the end of an accounting period to allocate items between accounting periodsverified
Adjustornounone who investigates insurance claims or claims for damages and recommends an effective settlementverified
Admassnounthe segment of the public that is easily influenced by mass media (chiefly British)verified
Administrationnouna method of tending to or managing the affairs of a some group of people (especially the group's business affairs)verified
Administrative Data ProcessingnounMWEAny operation or set of operations performed on personal data, whether or not by automated meansProcessRegulatedPII
Administrative HearingnounMWEa hearing that takes place outside the judicial process before hearing examiners who have been granted judicial authority specifically for the purpose of conducting such hearingsverified
Administrative LawnounMWEthe body of rules and regulations and orders and decisions created by administrative agencies of governmentverified
administrative privilegenounMWEA class of access rights — elevated above those granted to standard users — that collectively authorize an account or identity to perform security-sensitive operations that affect the configuration, integrity, or management of a system or network. What distinguishes it from ordinary user permissions is the authority to modify or override other accounts' rights and to perform security-relevant functions — such as key management, account management, network and system administration, and database administration — that ordinary users are not authorized to perform. In practice, the field uses the term to identify a condition that triggers heightened governance: users or accounts requiring administrative privileges on system accounts receive additional scrutiny from organizational personnel — such as the system owner, mission/business owner, or chief information security officer — responsible for approving such accounts and privileged access. Control frameworks invoke it primarily to enforce least-privilege goals: limiting how many accounts carry such privileges reduces the probability of a threat actor abusing them to cause harm.CredentialRestricted
administrative responsibilitynounMWEThe day to day management of a system or process, including tasks like creating accounts, updating role assignments, tracking requests, and so forth.Process
Administrative SafeguardsnounMWEAdministrative actions, policies, and procedures to manage the selection, development, implementation, and maintenance of security measures to protect electronic health information and to manage the conduct of the covered entity's workforce in relation to protecting that information.ControlRegulatedPHI
Administratornounthe party appointed by a probate court to distribute the estate of someone who dies without a will or without naming an executorverified
Administrator privilegesnounMWEComputer system access to resources that are unavailable to most users. Administrator privileges permit execution of actions that would otherwise be restricted.Role
Administrivianounthe tiresome but essential details that must be taken care of and tasks that must be performed in running an organizationverified