Glossary · Nouns · N
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TermTypeDefinitionClassificationsUpdated
National Information Assurance PartnershipnounMWEA U.S. government initiative established to promote the use of evaluated information systems products and champion the development and use of national and international standards for information technology security. NIAP was originally established as a collaboration between the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the National Security Agency (NSA) in fulfilling their respective responsibilities under P.L. 100-235 (Computer Security Act of 1987). NIST officially withdrew from the partnership in 2007 but NSA continues to manage and operate the program. The key operational component of NIAP is the Common Criteria Evaluation and Validation Scheme (CCEVS) which is the only U.S. government-sponsored and endorsed program for conducting internationally recognized security evaluations of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) Information Assurance (IA) and IA-enabled information technology products. NIAP employs the CCEVS to provide government oversight or “validation” to U.S. CC evaluations to ensure correct conformance to the International Common Criteria for IT Security Evaluation (ISO/IEC 15408).OrganizationRegulated
National Information InfrastructurenounMWENationwide interconnection of communications networks, computers, databases, and consumer electronics that make vast amounts of information available to users. It includes both public and private networks, the Internet, the public switched network, and cable, wireless, and satellite communications.NetworkRegulated
National Institute for Standards and TechnologynounMWEDevelops tests, test methods, reference data, proof-of concept implementations, and technical analyses to advance the development and productive use of information technology Scope Note: NIST is a US government entity that creates mandatory standards that are followed by federal agencies and those doing business with them.Organization
National Institute of Standards and TechnologynounMWENational Institute of Standards and Technology, a unit of the US Commerce Department. Formerly known as the National Bureau of Standards, NIST promotes and maintains measurement standards. It also has active programs for encouraging and assisting industry and science to develop and use these standards.Organization
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)nounMWEAn agency of the U.S. Department of Commerce that works to develop and apply technology, measurements, and standards. NIST developed a voluntary cybersecurity framework based on existing standards, guidelines, and practices for reducing cyber risks to critical infrastructures.Organization
National MonumentnounMWEmemorial consisting of a structure or natural landmark of historic interestverified
National ParknounMWEa tract of land declared by the national government to be public propertyverified
National Security Emergency Preparedness Telecommunications ServicesnounMWETelecommunications services that are used to maintain a state of readiness or to respond to and manage any event or crisis (local, national, or international) that causes or could cause injury or harm to the population, damage to or loss of property, or degrade or threaten the national security or emergency preparedness posture of the United States.CapabilityRegulatedCUI
National Security InformationnounMWEInformation that has been determined pursuant to Executive Order 12958 as amended by Executive Order 13292, or any predecessor order, or by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, to require protection against unauthorized disclosure and is marked to indicate its classified status.DataRegulatedCUI
National Security SystemnounMWEAny information system (including any telecommunications system) used or operated by an agency or by a contractor of any agency, or other organization on behalf of an agency, the function, operation, or use of which: I. involves intelligence activities; II. involves cryptologic activities related to national security; III. Involves command and control of military forces; IV. involves equipment that is an integral part of a weapon or weapon system; or V. subject to subparagraph (B), is critical to the direct fulfillment of military or intelligence missions; or is protected at all times by procedures established for information that have been specifically authorized under criteria established by an Executive Order or an Act of Congress to be kept classified in the interest of national defense or foreign policy. Subparagraph (B). Does not include a system that is to be used for routine administrative and business applications (including payroll, finance, logistics, and personnel management applications). (Title 44 U.S. Code Section 3542, Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002.)SystemRegulatedCUI
National Settlement Service (NSS)nounMWEAlso referred to as Deferred Net Settlement. The Federal Reserve Banks' multilateral settlement service. NSS is offered to depository institutions that settle for participants in clearinghouses, financial exchanges, and other clearing and settlement groups. Settlement agents acting on behalf of those depository institutions electronically submit settlement files to the Federal Reserve Banks. Files are processed on receipt, and entries are automatically posted to the depository institutions' Reserve Bank accounts. Entries are final when posted.OrganizationRegulated
National SocialismnounMWEa form of socialism featuring racism and expansionism and obedience to a strong leaderverified
National Vulnerability DatabasenounMWEThe U.S. government repository of standards-based vulnerability management data. This data enables automation of vulnerability management, security measurement, and compliance (e.g., FISMA).VulnerabilityRegulated
Nationalismnounthe doctrine that nations should act independently (rather than collectively) to attain their goalsverified
Native AustraliannounMWEa dark-skinned member of a race of people living in Australia when Europeans arrivedverified
Native BearnounMWEsluggish tailless Australian arboreal marsupial with grey furry ears and coatverified
Native CranberrynounMWEsmall prostrate or ascending shrub having scarlet flowers and succulent fruit resembling cranberriesverified
Native HollynounMWElow spreading evergreen shrub of southern Australia having triangular to somewhat heart-shaped foliage and orange-yellow flowers followed by flat winged podsverified
Native PomegranatenounMWEsmall Australian tree bearing edible fruit resembling the pomegranateverified
Native SpeakernounMWEa speaker of a particular language who has spoken that language since earliest childhoodverified
Nativenessnounthe quality of belonging to or being connected with a certain place or region by virtue of birth or originverified
Natrolitenouna group of minerals of the zeolite family consisting of a hydrous silicate of sodium and aluminumverified
Natural ActionnounMWEa process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings)verified
Natural DisasternounMWEAny "act of God" (e.g., fire, flood, earthquake, lightning, or wind) that disables a system component.Event
Natural Family PlanningnounMWEany of several methods of family planning that do not involve sterilization or contraceptive devices or drugsverified
Natural HistorynounMWEthe scientific study of plants or animals (more observational than experimental) usually published in popular magazines rather than in academic journalsverified
Natural ImmunitynounMWEimmunity to disease that occurs as part of an individual's natural biologic makeupverified
Natural Language ProcessingnounMWEThe field concerned with machines capable of processing, analysing, and generating human language, either spoken, written or signed.Capability
Natural Language Processing ApplicationnounMWEAny operation or set of operations performed on personal data, whether or not by automated meansverified
Natural Language ProcessornounMWENatural or legal person which processes personal data on behalf of the controllerverified
Natural LawnounMWEa rule or body of rules of conduct inherent in human nature and essential to or binding upon human societyverified
Natural NumbernounMWEthe number 1 and any other number obtained by adding 1 to it repeatedlyverified
Natural OrdernounMWEthe physical universe considered as an orderly system subject to natural (not human or supernatural) lawsverified
Natural ProcessnounMWEa process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings)verified
Natural RubbernounMWEan elastic material obtained from the latex sap of trees (especially trees of the genera Hevea and Ficus) that can be vulcanized and finished into a variety of productsverified
Natural SciencenounMWEthe sciences involved in the study of the physical world and its phenomenaverified
Natural ScientistnounMWEa biologist knowledgeable about natural history (especially botany and zoology)verified
Natural SelectionnounMWEa natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environmentverified
Natural TheologynounMWEa theology that holds that knowledge of God can be acquired by human reason without the aid of divine revelationverified
Natural VirtuenounMWE(scholasticism) one of the four virtues (prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance) derived from natureverified
Naturalisationnounthe introduction of animals or plants to places where they flourish but are not indigenousverified
Naturalismnoun(philosophy) the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms without recourse to spiritual or supernatural explanationsverified
Naturalistnounan advocate of the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific termsverified
Naturalizationnounthe introduction of animals or plants to places where they flourish but are not indigenousverified
Nature StudynounMWEthe study of animals and plants in the natural world (usually at an elementary level)verified
Nature WorshipnounMWEa system of religion that deifies and worships natural forces and phenomenaverified
Naturopathynouna method of treating disease using food and exercise and heat to assist the natural healing processverified
Naughtnounthe point on a scale from which positive or negative numerical quantities can be measuredverified