Glossary · Nouns · S
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TermTypeDefinitionClassificationsUpdated
Synaesthesianouna sensation that normally occurs in one sense modality occurs when another modality is stimulatedverified
Synapsenounthe junction between two neurons, axon-to-dendrite, or between a neuron and a muscleverified
Synapsid ReptilenounMWEextinct reptile having a single pair of lateral temporal openings in the skullverified
Synapsisnounthe side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosisverified
Syncarpnounfruit consisting of many individual small fruits or drupes derived from separate ovaries within a common receptacle: e.g. blackberryverified
Synchronouna system consisting of a generator and a motor so connected that the motor will assume the same relative position as the generatorverified
Synchrocyclotronnouncyclotron that achieves relativistic velocities by modulating the frequency of the accelerating electric fieldverified
Synchroflashnouna device used in photography to synchronize the peak of a flash with the opening of the camera shutterverified
Synchromeshnounan automotive system for shifting gears in which the gears revolve at the same speed and so shift smoothlyverified
Synchronic LinguisticsnounMWEthe study of a language without reference to its historical contextverified
Synchronisernounan instrument that indicates whether two periodic motions are synchronous (especially an instrument that enables a pilot to synchronize the propellers of a plane that has two or more engines)verified
SynchronizationnounSynchronization is the signal made up of a distinctive pattern of bits that network hardware looks for to signal that start of a frame.Network
Synchronizernounan instrument that indicates whether two periodic motions are synchronous (especially an instrument that enables a pilot to synchronize the propellers of a plane that has two or more engines)verified
Synchronoscopenounan instrument that indicates whether two periodic motions are synchronous (especially an instrument that enables a pilot to synchronize the propellers of a plane that has two or more engines)verified
Synchronous ConverternounMWEelectrical converter consisting of a synchronous machine that converts alternating to direct current or vice versaverified
Synchronous Crypto-OperationnounMWEEncryption algorithms using the same secret key for encryption and decryption.CapabilityRegulated
Synchronous data replicationnounMWEA process for copying data from one source to another in which an acknowledgement of the receipt of data at the copy location is required for application processing to continue. Consequently, the content of databases stored in alternate facilities is identical to those at the original storage site, and copies of data contain current information at the time of a disruption in processing.ProcessRegulated
Synchronous MotornounMWEelectric motor in which the speed of rotation is proportional to the frequency of the A.C. powerverified
Synchronous Optical NETwork (SONET)nounMWESONET is a standard for telecommunications transmissions over fiber optic cables. SONET is self-healing so that if a break occurs in the lines, it can use a back-up redundant ring to ensure that the transmission continues. SONET networks can transmit voice and data over optical networks.Network
Synchroscopenounan instrument that indicates whether two periodic motions are synchronous (especially an instrument that enables a pilot to synchronize the propellers of a plane that has two or more engines)verified
Syncopationnoun(phonology) the loss of sounds from within a word (as in `fo'c'sle' for `forecastle')verified
Syncopenoun(phonology) the loss of sounds from within a word (as in `fo'c'sle' for `forecastle')verified
Syncretismnounthe union (or attempted fusion) of different systems of thought or belief (especially in religion or philosophy)verified
Syncytiumnouna mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei and enclosed in a membrane but no internal cell boundaries (as in muscle fibers)verified
Syndactylismnounbirth defect in which there is partial or total webbing connecting two or more fingers or toesverified
Syndactylynounbirth defect in which there is partial or total webbing connecting two or more fingers or toesverified
Syndicnounone appointed to represent a city or university or corporation in business transactionsverified
Syndicalismnouna radical political movement that advocates bringing industry and government under the control of labor unionsverified
Syndicationnounselling an article or cartoon for publication in many magazines or newspapers at the same timeverified
Synechianounadhesions between the iris and the lens or cornea resulting from trauma or eye surgery or as a complication of glaucoma or cataractverified
Syneresisnounthe separation of liquid from a gel that is caused by contraction (as in cheese making)verified
Synergismnounthe working together of two things (muscles or drugs for example) to produce an effect greater than the sum of their individual effectsverified
Synergynounthe working together of two things (muscles or drugs for example) to produce an effect greater than the sum of their individual effectsverified
Synesthesianouna sensation that normally occurs in one sense modality occurs when another modality is stimulatedverified
Synesthetic MetaphornounMWEa metaphor that exploits a similarity between experiences in different sense modalitiesverified
Synezesisnounthe contraction of chromatin towards one side of the nucleus during the prophase of meiosisverified
Synizesisnounthe contraction of chromatin towards one side of the nucleus during the prophase of meiosisverified
Synonymnountwo words that can be interchanged in a context are said to be synonymous relative to that contextverified
Synonymitynounthe semantic relation that holds between two words that can (in a given context) express the same meaningverified
Synonymousnessnounthe semantic relation that holds between two words that can (in a given context) express the same meaningverified
Synonymynounthe semantic relation that holds between two words that can (in a given context) express the same meaningverified
Synovianounviscid lubricating fluid secreted by the membrane lining joints and tendon sheaths etc.verified
Synovial FluidnounMWEviscid lubricating fluid secreted by the membrane lining joints and tendon sheaths etc.verified
Synoviumnouna thin membrane in synovial (freely moving) joints that lines the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluidverified
Syntactic CategorynounMWEin linguistics, a category of words having the same grammatical propertiesverified
Syntax ErrornounMWEan error of language resulting from code that does not conform to the syntax of the programming languageverified
Synthesisnounthe process of producing a chemical compound (usually by the union of simpler chemical compounds)verified
Synthesisernoun(music) an electronic instrument (usually played with a keyboard) that generates and modifies sounds electronically and can imitate a variety of other musical instrumentsverified
Synthesizernoun(music) an electronic instrument (usually played with a keyboard) that generates and modifies sounds electronically and can imitate a variety of other musical instrumentsverified
Synthetic RubbernounMWEany of various synthetic elastic materials whose properties resemble natural rubberverified
Synthetismnouna genre of French painting characterized by bright flat shapes and symbolic treatments of abstract ideasverified
Syringanounlarge hardy shrub with showy and strongly fragrant creamy-white flowers in short terminal racemesverified
system accessnounMWEThe ability of a user, process, or device to interact with an information system — whether to connect to it, log in, read data, execute transactions, or perform administrative functions. It is distinguished from related but narrower concepts (such as data access, network access, or physical access) by treating the *system* as the unit of control: authority documents enumerate subtypes such as physical access, logical/network access, and privileged/administrative access to define the full surface that must be governed. In practice, the field uses the expression as the object managed by access-control policies — something that is granted, restricted, monitored, audited, and revoked — and frameworks from NIST SP 800-171 through SOC 2 / AICPA Trust Services Criteria all treat governing "system access" as a primary control objective rather than a derived one.ControlRegulated
system access authorizationnounMWEA set of formally approved permissions and privileges that specify which users, roles, or processes are permitted to interact with a given information system and in what capacity. In NIST SP 800-53 access control guidance, organizations are directed to "define system access authorizations to support separation of duties," framing these authorizations as the structured assignments of access rights that underpin separation-of-duties enforcement. The identification of authorized users and the specification of their access privileges may be defined by account, by account type, or both, and may incorporate additional attributes such as time-of-day or point-of-origin restrictions. In practice, the phrase is used across federal policy and compliance standards as the collective body of documented, approved access entitlements for a system — distinct from the technical mechanism that enforces them — and is subject to management activities such as provisioning, periodic review, and revocation.RequirementRegulatedCUI